Zaanaim, the Plain of or probably the . A sacred tree by Heber’s tent, when Sisera took refuge in it ( Judges 4:11). Near Kedesh Naphtali. Lost.

Zaanam In the Shefelah. .

Zaavan (“unquiet”) Son of Ezer ( Genesis 36:27), a chief.

Zabad (“whom God gave”) 1. Son of Nathan, son of Attai ( 1 Chronicles 2:31-37). He was one of David’s men. 2. An Ephraimite ( 1 Chronicles 7:21). 3. Son of the Ammonitess Shinmath, and an assassin of King Joash ( Chronicles 24:26). 4. The name of three Israelites in Ezra’s time ( Ezra 10:27). 5. The second, one of the sons of Hashum ( Ezra 10:33). 6. The third, one of the sons of Nebo (10:43).

Zabadaias (1 Esdras 9:35).

Zabadeans (1 Macc. 12:31). The modern Zebedany is a village, in a plain of the same name, high up on Anti-Lebanon, watered by the Barada. Population 3,000. Kefr Zabad is a small village near.

Zabbai A corruption of . 1. Son of Bebai ( Ezra 10:28). 2. Father of the , who assisted Nehemiah ( Nehemiah 3:20).

Zabbud Son of Bigvai, and companion of Ezra ( Ezra 8:14).

Zabdeus (1 Esdras 9:2).

Zabdi (“gift of Jah”) 1. Son of Zerah, and ancester of Achan ( Joshua 7:1,17). 2. Son of Shimhi ( 1 Chronicles 8:19). 3. David’s officer over the wine-cellars (27:27) called the shiphmite. 4. Son of Asaph ( Nehemiah 11:17).

Zabdiel (“gift of God”) 1. Father of ( 1 Chronicles 27:2). 2. An overseer, son of Haggedolim ( Nehemiah 11:14). 3. An Arabian chieftain who put to death (1 Macc. 11:17).

Zabud (“given”) Son of 1 ( 1 Kings 4:5) and confidential friend of Solomon.

Zabulon the Greek form of ( Matthew 4:13).

Zaccai (“pure”) Ancestor of 760 who returned from Captivity ( Ezra 2:9; Nehemiah 7:14).

Zacchaeus The name of a tax-collector near Jericho, who, being short in stature, climbed up into a sycamore tree in order to obtain a sight of Jesus as he passed through that place. Luke only has related the incident ( Luke 19:1-10). Zacchaeus was a Jew, as may be inferred from his name, and from the fact that the Saviour speaks of him expressly as “a son of Abraham.” The term which designates this office is unusual, but describes him, no doubt, as the superintendent of customs or tribute in the district of Jericho where he lived, as one having a commission from his Roman principal (manceps publicanus) to collect the imposts levied on the Jews by the Romans, and who, in the execution of that trust, employed subalterns, who were accountable to him, as he in turn was accountable to his superior. The office must have been a lucrative one in such a region, and it is not strange that Zacchaeus is mentioned by the evangelist as a rich man. The Saviour spent the night probably in the house of Zacchaeus, and the next day pursued his journey to Jerusalem. He was in the caravan from Galilee which was going up thither to keep the Passover. We read in the rabbinic writings also of a Zacchaeus who lived at Jericho at this same period, well known on his own account, and especially as the father of the celebrated Rabbi Jochanan ben Zachai. Zaccheus An officer of Judas Maccabaeus (2 Macc. 10:19). Ap. Zacchur A Simeonite, of the family of Mishma ( 1 Chronicles 4:26).

Zaccur (“mindful”) 1. Father of Shammua, the Reubenite spy ( Numbers 13:4). 2. A Merarite Levite, son of Jaaziah ( 1 Chronicles 24:27). 3. Son of Asaph the singer ( 1 Chronicles 25:2,10; Nehemiah 12:35). 4. The son of Imri, who assisted Nehemiah in rebuilding the city wall ( Nehemiah 3:2). 5. A Levite, or family of Levites, who signed the covenant with Nehemiah ( Nehemiah 10:12). 6. A Levite, whose son or descendant Hanan was one of the treasurers over the treasuries appointed by Nehemiah ( Nehemiah 13:13). Zachariah or properly , 1. He was the son of Jeroboam II, 14th king of Israel, and the last of the house of Jehu. There is a difficulty about the date of his reign. Most chronologers assume an interregnum of eleven years between Jeroboam’s death and Zachariah’s accession, during which the kingdom was suffering from the anarchy of a disputed succession; but this seems unlikely after the reign of a resolute ruler like Jeroboam, and does not solve the difference between 2 Kings 14:17 and 2 Kings 15:1. We are reduced to suppose that our present manuscripts have here incorrect numbers, to substitute 15 for 27 in 2 Kings 15:1, and to believe that Jeroboam II reigned 52 or 53 years. But whether we assume an interregnum, or an error in the manuscripts, we must place Zachariah’s accession B.C. 771-772. His reign lasted only six months. He was killed in a conspiracy, of which Shallum was the head, and by which the prophecy in 2 Kings 10:30 was accomplished. 2. The father of Abi, or Abijah, Hezekiah’s mother ( 2 Kings 18:2).

Zacharias 1. Zechariah the priest in the reign of Josiah (1 Esdras 1:8). 2. In 1 Esdras 1:15, Zacharias occupies the place of Heman in Chronicles 35:15. 3. 6, and (1 Esdras 5:8; cf. Ezra 2:2; Nehemiah 7:7). 4. The prophet (1 Esdras 6:1; 7:3). 5. 8 (1 Esdras 8:30). 6. 9 (1 Esdras 8:37). 7. 10 (1 Esdras 8:44). 8. 11 (1 Esdras 9:27; cf. Ezra 10:26). 9. Father of Joseph, a leader in the first campaign of the Maccabaean war (1 Macc. 5:18,56-62). 10. Father of John the Baptist ( Luke 1:5, etc.). 11. Son of Barachias, who, our Lord says, was slain by the Jews between the Altar and the Temple ( Matthew 23:35; Luke 11:51). There has been much dispute who this Zacharias was. Many of the Greek Fathers have maintained that the father of John the Baptist is the person to whom our Lord alludes; but there can be little or no doubt that the allusion is to Zechariah, the son of Jehoiada ( 2 Chronicles 24:20,2l). The name of the father of Zacharias is not mentioned by Luke; and we may suppose that the name of Barachias crept into the text of Matthew from a marginal gloss, a confusion having been made between Zechariah, the son of Jehoiada, and Zacharias, the son of Barachias (Berechiah) the prophet.

Zacher (“remembrance”) Son of Jehiel ( 1 Chronicles 8:31).

Zadok (“righteous”) 1. Son of Ahitub, and one of the two chief priests in the time of David, Abiathar being the other. Zadok was of the house of Eleazar, the son of Aaron ( 1 Chronicles 14:3), and eleventh in descent from Aaron. The first mention of him is in 1 Chronicles 12:28, where we are told that he joined David at Hebron after Saul’s death with 22 captains of his father’s house, and, apparently, with 900 men (4600-3700, 1 Chronicles 12:26,27). Up to this time, it may be concluded, he had adhered to the house of Saul. But henceforth his fidelity to David was inviolable. When Absalom revolted, and David fled from Jerusalem, Zadok and all the Levites bearing the Ark accompanied him, and it was only at the king’s express command that they returned to Jerusalem, and became the medium of communication between the king and Hushai the Archite (2 Samuel 15; 2 Samuel 17). When Absalom was dead, Zadok and Abiathar were the persons who persuaded the elders of Judah to invite David to return ( 2 Samuel 19:11). When Adonijah, in David’s old age, set up for king, and had persuaded Joab, and Abiathar the priest, to join his party, Zadok was unmoved, and was employed by David to anoint Solomon to be king in his room (1 Kings 1). And for this fidelity he was rewarded by Solomon, who “thrust out Abiathar from being priest unto the Lord,” and “put in Zadok the priest” in his room ( 1 Kings 2:27,35). From this time, however, we hear little of him. It is said in general terms, in the enumeration of Solomon’s officers of state, that Zadok was the priest ( 1 Kings 4:4; 1 Chronicles 29:22) but no single act of his is mentioned. Zadok and Abiathar were of nearly equal dignity ( 2 Samuel 15:35,36; 19:11). The duties of the office were divided. Zadok ministered before the Tabernacle at Gibeon ( 1 Chronicles 16:39); Abiathar had the care of the Ark at Jerusalem. Not, however, exclusively, as appears from 1 Chronicles 15:11; 2 Samuel 15:24,25,29. Hence, perhaps, it may be concluded that from the first there was a tendency to consider the office of the priesthood as somewhat of the nature of a corporate office, although some of its functions were necessarily confined to the chief member of that corporation. 2. According to the genealogy of the high priests in 2 Chronicles 6:12, there was a second Zadok, son of a second Ahitub, son of Amariah, about the time of King Ahaziah. It is probable that no such person as this second Zadok ever existed, but that the insertion of the two names is a copyist’s error. 3. Father of Jerushah, the wife of King Uzziah and mother of King Jotham ( 2 Kings 15:33; 2 Chronicles 27:1). 4. Son of Raana, who repaired a portion of the wall in the time of Nehemiah ( Nehemiah 3:4). He is probably the same who is in the list of those that sealed the covenant in Nehemiah 10:21, as in both cases his name follows that of Meshezabeel. 5. Son of Immer, a priest who repaired a portion of the wall over against his own house ( Nehemiah 3:29). 6. In Nehemiah 11:11 and 1 Chronicles 9:11 mention is made in a genealogy of Zadok, the son of Meraioth, the son of Ahitub. But it can hardly be doubtful that Meraioth is inserted by the error of a copyist, and that Zadok the son of Ahitub is meant.

Zaham (“loathing”) Son of Rehoboam ( 2 Chronicles 11:19).

Zain (“a weapon”) The seventh letter of the Hebrew alphabet (Psalm 119). .

Zair ( 2 Kings 8:21). South of Kerek. Lost.

Zalaph (“wound”) Father of Hanun ( Nehemiah 3:30).

Zalmon, Mount Near Shechem ( Judges 9:48).

Zalmonah Desert-station ( Numbers 33:41). Supposed to be Maan, a few miles east of Petra.

Zalmunna (“shelter is denied him”) One of the two kings of Midian slain by ( Judges 8:5-21).

Zambis 5 (1 Esdras 9:34).

Zambri 1 (1 Macc. 2:26).

Zamoth (1 Esdras 9:28).

Zamzummim (“noisy people”) A race of giants ( Genesis 14:5). They were exterminated by the Ammonites ( Deuteronomy 2:20,21).

Zanoah Two towns in Judah. 1. ( Joshua 15:34), in the Shefelah, now called Zunua, in Wady Ismall. Populated after the return from Babylon ( Nehemiah 11:30). 2. ( Joshua 15:56), in the mountain district,10 miles south of Hebron.

Zaphnath-pa-a-neah (Hebrew: ZAFENATH PA-ANEAH ). A name given by Pharaoh to ( Genesis 12:45), meaning “preserver of the age”. Egyptian titles of princes of high rank, in that age, were generallySUTENSA, Pharaoh’s son, which was also given to the governor of Cush. Other titles were descriptive, asMERKETU, superintendent of buildings (or of public works). Some appear to have been nicknames, as MA, the shepherd (one of the Pharaohs);PE-MAY the cat; S-NUFRE, good king; S-NUFRE ANKHEE, good worker;PET-AMEN-APT, belonging to Amen of Thebes; SHAFRA-SHA, Shafra rules; andAMEN-EM-HA, Amen in the front. The original Egyptian name of Joseph has not yet been found on the monuments, where, indeed, but very few records of the age in which he lived have been found. It is expected that further discoveries will bring such records to light. The skilful suggestion of Mr. Poole gives Egyptian wordsPSENT-ANKHEE, meaning “delight lives”.

Zaphon (“northward”), ( Joshua 13:27). On the east side of Jordan. Lost.

Zara ( Matthew 1:3).

Zaraces Brother of Jehoiakim (1 Esdras 1:38).

Zarah ( Genesis 38:30).

Zaraias 1. (1 Esdras 8:2). 2. (1 Esdras 8:31). 3. (1 Esdras 8:34).

Zareah ( Nehemiah 11:29).

Zareathites, the Inhabitants of ( 1 Chronicles 2:53).

Zared, the Valley of Zered.

Zarephath Sarepta, near Sidon (Antiquities viii. 13, 2). The residence of the prophet Elijah. The miracle of the widow’s cruse of oil was wrought here by Elijah ( 1 Kings 17:9,10; Luke 4:26). There are remains of columns and slabs, and the Roman road is quite perfect here.

Zaretan ZARTHAN ( Joshua 3:16). Supposed to be Kurn Surtabeh, north of Jericho, in the Ghor.

Zareth-shahar ( Joshua 13:19). Reuben. Sara, near the Dead Sea, at the mouth of Wady Zerka Main.

Zarhites, the (“descendants of Zerah”) 1. A branch of the tribe of Judah ( Numbers 26:20). 2. A family of Simeonites ( Numbers 26:13).

Zartanah ( 1 Kings 4:12). Near Bethshean. Zarthan?

Zarthan 1. Near Succoth ( 1 Kings 7:45). 2. The same as Zaretan in Joshua 3:16. 3. In the upper part of the Jordan valley, near Bethsheart. 4. Zeredathah, Zererah, Zererath, Zererathah.

Zathoe Error for in 1 Esdras 8:32.

Zathui (1 Esdras 6:12).

Zatthu ( Nehemiah 10:14).

Zattu (“a sprout”) Ancestor of a family of laymen of Israel, who returned from captivity ( Ezra 2:8; Nehemiah 7:13).

Zavan ( 1 Chronicles 1:42).

Zaza (“projection”) Son of Jonathan ( 1 Chronicles 2:33). Zeal (Hebrew: KINAH , Greek: zelos ). May include warmth of feeling and vehemence of action, according to the good or bad motive, or the wisdom or folly, of the actor. Thus the zeal of Jehu ( 2 Kings 10:16), of Saul ( Philippians 3:6), of the Israelites ( Romans 10:2), etc.

Zebadiah (“Jah gave” ) Nine of these persons are mentioned, but none are notable ( Chronicles 8:15; 8:17; 12:7; 27:7; Ezra 8:8; 10:20; 1 Chronicles 26:2; 2 Chronicles 17:8; 19:11).

Zebah (“sacrifice” ) A king of , killed with ( Judges 8:5-21).

Zebaim (“antelopes” ) The children of Pochereth, of Zeboim, are mentioned among those of Solomon’s who returned from Captivity ( Ezra 2:57; Nehemiah 7:59). Zebedee The husband of Salome and father of James and John the apostles ( Matthew 4:21; 27:56).

Zebina (“bought” ) Son of Zebo ( Ezra 10:43).

Zeboim ( Genesis 10:19 ). One of the five cities of the plain. Shemeber was its king ( Genesis 14:2). Lost.

Zeboim, the Valley of (“ravine of the hyenas” ) ( 1 Samuel 13:18). East of Michmash.

Zebudah Daughter of Pedaiah, wife of Josiah and mother of King Jehoiakim ( Kings 23:36).

Zebul (“habitation” ) Governor of the Shechem ( Judges 9:28).

Zebulonite A member of the tribe of ( Judges 12:11,12). Zebulun (“dwelling” ) Tenth son of ; sixth son of ( Genesis 30:20, 35:23). His tribe was respected for numbers ( Numbers 1:30; 26:26). His posterity is often mentioned with Issachar, his nearest brother ( Deuteronomy 33:18).

Zebulunites, the People of the tribe of ( Numbers 26:27 only).

Zechariah (“whom Jah remembers” ) 1. The 11th in order of the 12 minor prophets. . 2. Son of Shelemiah ( 1 Chronicles 9:21). 3. Son of Jehiel ( 1 Chronicles 9:37). 4. A Levite ( 1 Chronicles 15:18,20). 5. A prince of Judah ( 2 Chronicles 17:7). 6. Son of the high priest Jehoiada ( 2 Chronicles 24:20). 22 others of this name are mentioned, but are of no particular account.

Zedad ( Numbers 34:8; Ezekiel 47:15 ). On the northern border of the land as promised by Moses. Passed through by the prophet Ezekiel on his way to Assyria as a captive. Sadud is on the northern end of Anti-Libanus, 50 miles northeast of Baalbek. Zedekiah (“justice of Jah” ) 1. The last king of Judah and Jerusalem. Son of and Hamutal ( 2 Kings 24:17,19). His history is given in 2 Kings 25:7, etc. Jeremiah 39:1-7; 52:1-11; and 2 Chronicles 36:10, etc., also in Jeremiah 21; Jeremiah 24; Jeremiah 27; Jeremiah 29; Jeremiah 32; Jeremiah 24; Jeremiah 37: 2. A false prophet, exposed by Micaiah ( 2 Kings 22:11-37). 3. Another false prophet denounced by Jeremiah ( Jeremiah 29:21,22) 4. Son of Hananiah, a prince of Judah ( Jeremiah 36:12).

Zeeb (“the wolf” ) ( Judges 7:20; 8:3; Psalm 83:11). One of the two princes (sheikhs) of Midian defeated by Gideon and the 300. He was killed at a winepress which was near the fords of Jordan, and his name given to the place.

Zelah In Benjamin ( Joshua 18:28). Here was the residence and the family tomb of Kish, the father of Saul ( 2 Samuel 21:14), where Saul and Jonathan, and the two sons and five grandsons of Saul were buried. Probably Saul’s residence before he was made king. Lost.

Zelek (“fissure” ) One of David’s men ( 2 Samuel 23:37).

Zelophehad (“firstborn” ) Son of Hepher, son of Gilead ( Joshua 17:3). He came out of Egypt with Moses, but died in the wilderness, leaving five daughters and no sons, which led to the establishment of a law that in such cases the daughters should inherit their father’s patrimony, but they were not to marry out of their tribe ( Numbers 26:33; 27:1-11).

Zelotes An epithet given to Simon 5 to distinguish him from Simon Peter ( Luke 6:15).

Zelzah ( 1 Samuel 10:2 ). Benjamin, near Rachel’s sepulchre. Mentioned by Samuel the prophet, after anointing Saul king. Lost.

Zemaraim ( Joshua 18:22 ). Benjamin, near Bethel, to the East. Es Sumrah is four miles north of Jericho, and is probably the place. There was also a Mount Zemaraim ( 2 Chronicles 12:4), which has not been identified, and may possibly mean the same locality. The Zemarite’s tribe were sons of Canaan ( Genesis 10:18), and belonged to this district, given to Benjamin.

Zemira (“song” ) Son of Becher ( 1 Chronicles 7:8).

Zenan (“flocks” ) ( Joshua 15:37). Judah, in the Shefelah. The same as Zaanan ( Micah 1:11). Placed by some travelers 2 1/2 miles southeast of Mareshah, and now called Zanabra.

Zenas (“given by Zeus” ) A lawyer and a friend of Paul ( Titus 3:13). Zephaniah 1. A Kohathite, in the 7th generation from Levi ( 1 Chronicles 6:36). 2. A priest. He was among the captives slain by the king of Babylon ( Kings 25:18-21). 3. A prophet of the tribe of Simeon ( 2 Chronicles 24:3; Zephaniah 1:4,5).

Zephath ( Judges 1:17 ). A Canaanite city destroyed by Judah and Simeon, and its name changed to Hormah. Located in the pass Es Sufa, south of the Dead Sea.

Zephathah, the Valley of ( 2 Chronicles 14:10 ). Near Mareshah, probably Tell es Safieh. Where Asa fought Zerah the Ethiopian and his host, and pursued them unto Gerar.

Zephi ( 1 Chronicles 1:36).

Zepho (“watch-tower” ) Son of Eliphaz ( Genesis 36:11), also a duke Genesis 36:15.

Zephon Son of Gad ( Numbers 26:15).

Zephonites, the A family of the tribe of Gad, descended from ( Numbers 26:15).

Zer ( Joshua 19:35 ). Fortified town in Naphtali, southwest of the lake of Gennesareth. May possibly be Hattin.

Zerah (“a rising of light” ) 1. Son of Reuel, and grandson of Esau ( Genesis 36:13,17). 2. Son of Judah and Tamar ( Genesis 38:30); called Zara in Matthew 1:3. 3. Son of Simeon ( Numbers 26:13); called Zohar in Genesis 46:10. 4. Son of Iddo ( 1 Chronicles 6:21,41). 5. A Cushite king who invaded Judah ( 2 Chronicles 14:9-13): he was defeated by Asa.

Zerahiah (“Jah caused to be born” ) 1. Son of Uzzi, and ancestor of Ezra the scribe ( 1 Chronicles 6:6,51). 2. Father of Elihoenai ( Ezra 8:4).

Zered, the Brook of (“brook of willows” ) ( Deuteronomy 2:14). Now called Wady el Ahsy, and running into the southeast corner of the Dead Sea. Here the wanderings of the Israelites ended; or it may be they continued to the time of the death of Moses.

Zereda (“cooling” ) ( 1 Kings 11:26). In Ephraim. The native city of Jeroboam, the first king of the kingdom of Israel, formed by the ten tribes that revolted, it was fortified for Solomon. The site has not been found, but is supposed by some to be the same as Tirzah; and by others, Zeredatha.

Zeredatha ( 2 Chronicles 4:17 ). Called Zarthan ( 1 Kings 7:46). The vessels for Solomon’s temple were cast in the clay-ground between Succoth and this place, in the plain of Jordan. The finest clay is found on the banks of the Jordan, near Succoth, and is carried away for use in casting brass.

Zererath ( Judges 7:22 ). In the Jordan valley. Zeredatha.

Zeresh (“gold” ) Wife of ( Esther 6:10,14).

Zereth (“splendor” ) Son of Ashur ( 1 Chronicles 4:7).

Zeri , son of Jeduthun ( 1 Chronicles 25:3).

Zeror (“a bundle” ) Ancestor of Kish, the father of Saul ( 1 Samuel 9:1).

Zeruah (“leprous” ) Mother of 1 ( 1 Kings 11:26). Zerubbabel (“sown in Babylon” ) In the New Testament and Apocrypha.

Zeruiah (“cleft” ) Sister of David and mother of his famous generals Joab, Abishai, and Asahel ( 1 Chronicles 2:16).

Zetham Son or grandson of Laadan ( 1 Chronicles 23:8).

Zethan (“olive tree” ) Son of Bilhan ( 1 Chronicles 7:10).

Zethar (“star” ) One of the seven chamberlains of Ahasuerus (Esth. 1:10).

Zia (“motion” ) A Gadite who dwelt in Bashan ( 1 Chronicles 5:13).

Ziba (“statue” ) A servant in Saul’s house ( 2 Samuel 9:2-12; 16:1-4; 19:17,29). Zibeon (“dyed” ) Father of ( Genesis 36:2).

Zibia (“roe” ) Son of Shaharaim by his wife Hodesh ( 1 Chronicles 8:9).

Zibiah (“roe” ) Mother of King 1 ( 2 Kings 12:1).

Zichri (“renowned” ) 1. Son of Izhar the son of Kohath ( Exodus 6:21). 2. Son of Shimhi ( 1 Chronicles 8:19). 3. Son of Shashak ( 1 Chronicles 8:23). 4. Son of Jeroham ( 1 Chronicles 8:7). 5. Son of Asaph ( 1 Chronicles 9:15). Seven others of this name are mentioned in the following passages: Chronicles 26:25; 27:16; 2 Chronicles 17:16, 23:1; 28:7; Nehemiah 11:9; 12:17.

Ziddim (“the sides” ) A town of Naphtali ( Joshua 19:35).

Zidkijah , one who sealed the Covenant ( Nehemiah 10:1). Zidon .

Zif (“blooming” ) .

Ziha (“dry” ) 1. Ancestor of a family who returned from Captivity ( Ezra 2:43). 2. Chief of the Nethinim in Ophel (Ezra 11:21). Ziklag ( Joshua 15:31 ). Judah in the Negeb. It was the private property of David, and at one time his residence (1 Samuel 30). Supposed to be the site now called Asluj.

Zillah (“shade” ) Wife of 1 ( Genesis 4:19,22,23), the mother of Tubal- Cain and Naamah Zilpah (“a dropping” ) The maid of , who became the second wife of Jacob and mother of Gad and Asher ( Genesis 29:24; 30:9-13).

Zilthai (“shadow of Jah” ) 1. A chief, son of Shimhi ( 1 Chronicles 8:20). 2. A captain who joined David ( 1 Chronicles 12:20).

Zimmah (“mischief” ) 1. Son of Jahath ( 1 Chronicles 6:20). 2. Son of Shimei, and grandson of Jahath ( 1 Chronicles 6:42). 3. Father of Joah (2 Chr 29:12).

Zimran (“sung” ) Oldest son of by ( Genesis 25:2).

Zimri (“celebrated in song” ) 1. A prince of the tribe of Simeon, slain by Phinehas ( Numbers 25:14). 2. A general of half the cavalry of Elah, king of Israel. He rebelled against his master, killed him, usurped his kingdom, and cut off the whole family, not sparing any of his relatives or friends. He reigned but seven days; for the army of Israel made their general, Omri, king, and took the city of Tirzah. Zimri burned himself in the palace, with all its riches ( 1 Kings 16:1-20; 2 Kings 9:31). Others of this name are mentioned in Chronicles 2:6; 8:33-36.

Zina ( 1 Chronicles 3:10). Zin, the Wilderness of (“coldness” ) A district between the Arabah and the Desert of Paran, or Tyh mountains, and consisting of three terraces, sloping toward the Dead Sea, by the Wady Fikreh, was in this. Josephus speaks of a hill called Sin, where Miriam was buried. This hill may be what is now Moderah, isolated, conical, and standing a little south of Wady Fikreh.

Zior Judah ( Joshua 15:54), 6 miles northeast of Hebron. Now Sair.

Ziph ( 1 ) (“mouthful” ) 1. Judah, in the Negeb ( Joshua 15:24). Lost. 2. Judah, between Carmel and Juttah ( Joshua 15:55), about 3 miles south of Hebron. Some of David’s greatest perils and most successful escapes belong to this district ( 1 Samuel 23:14,15,24; 26:2). Also called the Wilderness of Ziph. Rehoboam fortified Ziph ( 2 Chronicles 11:8).

Ziph ( 2 ) Son of Jehaleleel ( 1 Chronicles 4:16).

Ziphah ( 1 Chronicles 4:16).

Ziphim, the Inhabitant of 2 (the title of Psalm 54).

Ziphites, the ( 1 Samuel 23:19).

Ziphion (“a looking out” ) Son of Gad ( Genesis 46:16).

Ziphron (“sweet odor” ) ( Numbers 34:9). In the north boundary of the land. Now Sudud, near Kurietein (HATSAR ENAN ).

Zippor (“sparrow” ) Father of , king of Moab ( Numbers 22:2,4,10,16).

Zipporah Daughter of , wife of , and mother of 1 and 2 ( Exodus 2:21; 4:25; 18:2).

Zithri (“protection of Jah” ) Son of Uzziel ( Exodus 6:22).

Ziz, the Pass of ( 2 Chronicles 20:16 ). Pass of Ain Jidy.

Ziza (“abundance” ) 1. A Simeonite chief ( 1 Chronicles 4:37). 2. Son of Rehoboam ( 2 Chronicles 11:20).

Zizah Second son of Shimei ( 1 Chronicles 23:11).

Zoan (“departure” ) Tanis, Egypt, on the east bank of the Tanitic branch of the Nile. It was an important post on the east of the country, and chief town of a large district of pasture-lands. Called by the Egyptians HA-AWAR, and fortified by\parSALATIS, the first shepherd king, who stationed here 240,000 men as a protection against the Assyrians. Hebron was built 7 years before Zoan ( Numbers 13:22). There was a great temple here, dedicated to (Baal), embellished by Rameses II. The Pharaohs dwelt here, both in the time of Joseph and of the Exodus ( Psalm 88:12,43). Mentioned by Isaiah, 19:13; 30:4,14. The ruins of the temple area show its size, 1,250 by 1,500 feet, and its remains prove its ancient grandeur. There were 10 or obelisks, all now fallen; the stone for which was originally brought from Syene. The inscriptions and figures are of the age of the shepherd kings.

Zoar (“little” ) ( Genesis 14:2,8). One of the oldest cities of Canaan. First called . When the cities of the plain were destroyed, Zoar was spared as a refuge for Lot ( Genesis 19:22,30). Zoar was seen by Moses from the top of Pisgah ( Deuteronomy 34:3). Following Josephus (Antiquities i. 11, sec. 4), the Crusaders, and later travelers, Zoar was on the , a promontory on the east side of the Dead Sea, and now seen in extensive ruins in the lower end of Wady Kerak. Palms once flourished here so abundantly as to give it the name of City of Palms (William of Tyre, xx. 30). Some have supposed Zoar to have been much nearer Jericho, and on the east of Jordan, in the Wady Seir, near Nimrin.

Zoba or Zobah The name of a portion of Syria, which formed a separate kingdom in the times of the Jewish monarchs, Saul, David and Solomon. It probably was eastward of Coele-Syria, and extended thence northeast and east toward, if not even to, the Euphrates. We first hear of Zobah in the time of Saul, when we find it mentioned as a separate country, governed, apparently, by a number of kings who owned no common head or chief ( 1 Samuel 14:47). Some forty years later than this, we find Zobah under a single ruler, Hadadezer, son of Rehob. He had wars with Toi, king of Hamath ( Samuel 8:10), and held various petty Syrian princes as vassals under his yoke ( 2 Samuel 10:19). David ( 2 Samuel 8:3) attacked Hadadezer in the early part of his reign, defeated his army, and took from him a thousand chariots, seven hundred (seven thousand, 1 Chronicles 18:4) horsemen and twenty thousand footmen. Hadadezer’s allies, the Syrians of Damascus, were defeated in a great battle. The wealth of Zobah is very apparent in the narrative of this campaign. It is not clear whether the Syrians of Zobah submitted and became tributary on this occasion, or whether, although defeated, they were able to maintain their independence. At any rate, a few years later they were again in arms against David. The war was provoked by the Ammonites, who hired the services of the Syrians of Zobah. The allies were defeated in a great battle by Joab, who engaged the Syrians in person ( 2 Samuel 10:9). Hadadezer, upon this, made a last effort ( 1 Chronicles 19:16). A battle was fought near Helam, where the Syrians of Zobah and their new allies were defeated with great slaughter. Zobah, however, though subdued, continued to cause trouble to the Jewish kings. A man of Zobah, Rezon, son of Eliadah, made himself master of Damascus, where he proved a fierce adversary to Israel all through the reign of Solomon ( 1 Kings 11:23-25). Solomon also was, it would seem, engaged in a war with Zobah itself ( 2 Chronicles 8:3). This is the last that we hear of Zobah in Scripture. The name, however, is found at a later date in the Inscriptions of Assyria, where the kingdom of Zobah seems to intervene between Hamath and Damascus.

Zobebah (“slow-moving” ) Son of Coz, of the tribe of Judah ( 1 Chronicles 4:8).

Zohar (“whiteness” ) 1. Father of Ephron the Hittite ( Genesis 23:8; 25:9). 2. One of the sons of Simeon ( Genesis 46:10; Exodus 6:15); called in 1 Chronicles 4:24.

Zoheleth the Stone (“serpent” ) This was “by En-Rogel” ( 1 Kings 1:9); and therefore, if En-Rogel be the modern Um-ed-Deraj, this stone, “where Adonijah slew sheep and oxen,” was in all likelihood not far from the Well of the Virgin. The Targumists translate it “the rolling stone;” and Rashi affirms that it was a large stone on which the young men tried their strength in attempting to roll it. Others make it “the serpent stone.” Others connect it with running water; but there is nothing strained in making it “the stone of the conduit” (Mazchelah), from its proximity to the great rock conduit or conduits that poured into Siloam.

Zoheth (“strong” ) Son of Ishi of the tribe of Judah ( 1 Chronicles 4:20).

Zopah (“a cruse” ) Son of Helem, or Hotham, the son of Heber, an Asherite ( 1 Chronicles 7:35,36).

Zophai A Kohathite Levite, son of Elkanab, and ancestor of Samuel ( Chronicles 6:26 (11)). In 1 Chronicles 6:35 he is called .

Zophar , one of the three friends of Job ( Job 2:11; 11:1; 20:1; 42:9).

Zophim, the Field of (“watchers” ) A spot on or near the top of Pisgah, from which Balaam had his second view of the encampment of Israel ( Numbers 23:14). If the word sadeh (rendered “field”) may be taken in its usual sense, then the field of Zophim was a cultivated spot high up on the top of the range of Pisgah. But that word is the almost invariable term for a portion of the upper district of Moab. The position of the field of Zophim is not defined. May it not be the same place which, later in the history, is mentioned as, ?

Zorah (“hornets” ) One of the towns in the allotment of the tribe of Daniel ( Joshua 19:41). It is previously mentioned ( Joshua 15:33), in the catalogue of Judah, among the places in the district of the Shefelah (A.V. ). In both lists, it is in immediate proximity to . Zorah was the residence of Manoah, and the native place of Samson. Zorah is mentioned among the places fortified by Rehoboam ( 2 Chronicles 11:10). In the Onomasticon, it is mentioned as lying some 10 miles north of Eleutheropolis on the road to Nicopolis. By the Jewish traveler hapParchi, it is specified as three hours southeast of Lydd. These notices agree in directions — though in neither is the distance nearly sufficient — with the modern village of Surah, which has been visited by Dr. Robinson and Tobler. It lies just below the brow of a sharp-pointed conical hill, at the shoulder of the ranges which there meet and form the north side of the Wady Ghurab, the northernmost of the two branches which unite just below Surah, and form the great Wady Surar. In the A.V., the name appears also as and .

Zorathites, the i.e., the people of , mentioned in 1 Chronicles 4:2 as descended from Shobal.

Zoreah Another form ( Joshua 15:33) of the name usually given in the A.V. as .

Zorites, the They are named in the genealogies of Judah ( 1 Chronicles 2:54) apparently among the descendants of Salma and near connections of Joab.

Zorobabel (1 Esdras 4:13; 5:5-70; 6:2-29; Ecclesiasticus 49:11; Matthew 1:12,13; Luke 3:27 ). .

Zuar (“smallness” ) Father of Nethaneel, the chief of the tribe of Issachar at the time of the Exodus ( Numbers 1:8; 2:5; 7:18,23; 10:15).

Zuph, the Land of (“honey” ) A district at which Saul and his servant arrived after passing through those of Shalisha, of Shalim, and of the Benjamites ( 1 Samuel 9:5, only). It evidently contained the city in which they encountered Samuel ( Samuel 9:6) and that again was certainly not far from the tomb of Rachel.” The only trace of the name of Zuph in modern Palestine, in any suitable locality, is to be found in Soba, a well-known place about seven miles due west of Jerusalem, and five miles southwest of Neby Samwil. But this is at the best no more than conjecture; and, unless the land of Zuph extended a good distance east of Soba, the city in which the meeting with Samuel took place could hardly be sufficiently near to Rachel’s sepulchre.

Zuph A Kohathite Levite, ancestor of Elkanah and Samuel ( 1 Samuel 1:1; 1 Chronicles 6:35 (20)). In 1 Chronicles 6:26 he is called . Zur (“a rock” ) 1. Father of Cozbi ( Numbers 25:15), and one of the five princes of Midian who were slain by the Israelites when Balaam fell ( Numbers 31:8). 2. Son of Jehiel the founder of Gibeon ( 1 Chronicles 8:30; 9:36).

Zuriel Son of Abihail, and chief of the Merarite Levites at the time of the Exodus ( Numbers 3:35).

Zurishaddai (“my rock is the Almighty” ) Father of Shelumiel, the chief of the tribe of Simeon at the time of the Exodus ( Numbers 1:6; 2:12; 7:36,41; 10:19).