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    • CHAPTER 17

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    FROM BABEL TO COMPARATIVE PHILOLOGY.

  • I THE SACRED THEORY IN ITS FIRST FORM
    — Difference of the history of Comparative Philology from that of other sciences as regards the attitude of theologians
    — Curiosity of early man regarding the origin, the primitive form, and the diversity of language
    — The Hebrew answer to these questions
    — The legend of the Tower of Babel
    — The real reason for the building of towers by the Chaldeans and the causes of their ruin
    — Other legends of a confusion of tongues
    — Influence upon Christendom of the Hebrew legends
    — Lucretius’s theory of the origin of language
    — The teachings of the Church fathers on this subject
    — The controversy as to the divine origin of the Hebrew vowel points
    — Attitude of the reformers toward this question
    — Of Catholic scholars.
    — Marini
    — Capellus and his adversaries
    — The treatise of Danzius

  • II THE SACRED THEORY OF LANGUAGE IN ITS SECOND FORM
    — Theological theory that Hebrew was the primitive tongue, divinely revealed
    — This theory supported by all Christian scholars until the beginning of the eighteenth century
    — Dissent of Prideaux and Cotton Mather
    — Apparent strength of the sacred theory of language

  • III BREAKING DOWN OF THE THEOLOGICAL VIEW
    — Reason for the Church’s ready acceptance of the conclusions of comparative philology
    — Beginnings of a scientific theory of language
    — Hottinger
    — Leibnitz
    — The collections of Catharine the Great, of Hervas, and of Adelung
    — Chaotic period in philology between Leibnitz and the beginning of the study of Sanskrit
    — Illustration from the successive editions of the Encyclopaedia Britannica

  • IV TRIUMPH OF THE NEW SCIENCE
    — Effect of the discovery of Sanskrit on the old theory
    — Attempts to discredit the new learning
    — General acceptance of the new theory
    — Destruction of the belief that all created things were first named by Adam
    — Of the belief in the divine origin of letters
    — Attempts in England to support the old theory of language
    — Progress of philological science in France
    — In Germany
    — In Great Britain
    — Recent absurd attempts to prove Hebrew the primitive tongue

  • V SUMMARY
    — Gradual disappearance of the old theories regarding the origin of speech and writing
    — Full acceptance of the new theories by all Christian scholars
    — The result to religion, and to the Bible

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