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  • The Seventh Council of Carthage under Cyprian. Concerning the Baptism of Heretics.
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    The Seventh Council of Carthage under Cyprian.4673

    4673 [On councils, see Oxford trans., pp. 232, 240.]

    ————————————

    Concerning the Baptism of Heretics. The Judgment of Eighty-Seven Bishops on the Baptism of Heretics.

    Proœmium.—When Stephen, Bishop of Rome, Had by His Letters Condemned the Decrees of the African Council on the Baptism of Heretics, Cyprian Lost No Time in Holding Another Council at Carthage with a Greater Number of Bishops. Having Therefore Summoned Eighty-Seven Bishops from Africa, Numidia, and Mauritania, Who Assembled at Carthage in the Kalends of September, a.d. 258, This Third Council on the Same Matter of Baptism Was Then Celebrated; At the Beginning of Which, After the Letters on Either Side Had Been Read, Cyprian, by Implication, Condemns the Assumption of Stephen.4674

    4674 Of this council there exists no further memorials than such as have been here collected from Cyprian, and from St. Augustine, De Baptismo contra Donatistas, book iii. ch. iv., v., and vi., and book vii. ch. i.; and in these nothing else is contained than the judgments of the eighty-seven bishops on the nullity of baptism administered by heretics. If any one desires to see these judgments impugned, let him consult Augustine as above. The results of this council are given in Ep. lxxi. p. 378, supra.

    When, in the kalends of September, a great many bishops from the provinces of Africa, Numidia, and Mauritania, had met together at Carthage, together with the presbyters and deacons, and a considerable part of the congregation who were also present; and when the letter of Jubaianus written to Cyprian had been read, as also the reply of Cyprian to Jubaianus, about baptizing heretics, and what the same Jubaianus had subsequently rejoined to Cyprian,—Cyprian said: You have heard, my dearly beloved colleagues, what Jubaianus our co-bishop has written to me, taking counsel of my poor intelligence concerning the unlawful and profane baptism of heretics, as well as what I wrote in answer to him, decreeing, to wit, what we have once and again and frequently determined, that heretics who come to the Church must be baptized and sanctified by the baptism of the Church. Moreover, another letter of Jubaianus has also been read to you, wherein, replying, in accordance with his sincere and religious devotion, to my letter, he not only acquiesced in what I had said, but, confessing that he had been instructed thereby, he returned thanks for it. It remains, that upon this same matter each of us should bring forward what we think, judging no man, nor rejecting any one from the right of communion, if he should think differently from us. For neither does any of us set himself up as a bishop of bishops,4675

    4675 Of course this implies a rebuke to the assumption of Stephen, [“their brother,” and forcibly contrasts the spirit of Cyprian with that of his intolerant compeer].

    nor by tyrannical terror does any compel his colleague to the necessity of obedience; since every bishop, according to the allowance of his liberty and power, has his own proper right of judgment, and can no more be judged by another than he himself can judge another.4676

    4676 [This, then is the primitive idea of the relations existing, mutually, among bishops as brethren.]

    But let us all wait for the judgment of our Lord Jesus Christ, who is the only one that has the power both of preferring us in the government of His Church, and of judging us in our conduct there.

    Cæcilius of Bilta4677

    4677 Scil. of Mauritania; possibly, says the Oxford translator, Bidil, Bita, or “urbs Abitensis.”

    said: I know only one baptism in the Church, and none out of the Church. This one will be here, where there is the true hope and the certain faith. For thus it is written: “One faith, one hope, one baptism;”4678

    4678 Eph. iv. 5.

    not among heretics, where there is no hope, and the faith is false, where all things are carried on by lying; where a demoniac exorcises; where one4679

    4679 According to some editions, “the sacrilegious man,” etc.

    whose mouth and words send forth a cancer puts the sacramental interrogation;4680

    4680 “Sacramentum interrogat.”

    the faithless gives faith; the wicked bestows pardon of sins; and Antichrist baptizes in the name of Christ; he who is cursed of God blesses; he who is dead promises life; he who is unpeaceful gives peace; the blasphemer calls upon God; the profane person administers the office of the priesthood; the sacrilegious person establishes an altar. In addition to all these things, there is also this evil, that the priests of the devil dare to celebrate the Eucharist; or else let those who stand by them say that all these things concerning heretics are false. Behold to what kind of things the Church is compelled4681

    4681 By the despotism of Stephen.

    to consent, and is constrained without baptism, without pardon of sins, to hold communion. And this thing, brethren, we ought to flee from and avoid, and to separate ourselves from so great a wickedness, and to hold one baptism, which is granted by the Lord to the Church alone.

    Primus of Misgirpa4682

    4682 A city of Zeugitana. Augustine calls this bishop Felix, and speaks of him as the first of that name who spoke.—Fell.

    said: I decide, that every man who comes to us from heresy must be baptized. For in vain does he think that he has been baptized there, seeing that there is no baptism save the one and true baptism in the Church; because not only is God one, but the faith is one, and the Church is one, wherein stands the one baptism, and holiness, and the rest. For whatever is done without, has no effect of salvation.

    Polycarp from Adrumetum4683

    4683 This is the Polycarp referred to in Ep. xliv. p. 322, supra. Adrumetum was a colony on the coast, about eighty-five miles from Carthage.

    said: They who approve the baptism of heretics make void our baptism.

    Novatus of Thamugada4684

    4684 In Numidia.

    said: Although we know that all the Scriptures give witness concerning the saving baptism, still we ought to declare our faith, that heretics and schismatics who come to the Church, and appear to have been falsely baptized, ought to be baptized in the everlasting fountain; and therefore, according to the testimony of the Scriptures, and according to the decree of our colleagues, men of most holy memory, that all schismatics and heretics who are converted to the Church must be baptized; and moreover, that those who appeared to have been ordained must be received among lay people.

    Nemesianus of Thubunæ4685

    4685 In Mauritania Cæsariensis.

    said: That the baptism which heretics and schismatics bestow is not the true one, is everywhere declared in the Holy Scriptures, since their very leading men are false Christs and false prophets, as the Lord says by Solomon:  “He who trusteth in that which is false, he feedeth the winds; and the very same, moreover, followeth the flight of birds. For he forsaketh the ways of his own vineyard, he has wandered from the paths of his own little field. But he walketh through pathless places, and dry, and a land destined for thirst; moreover, he gathereth together fruitless things in his hands.”4686

    4686 Prov. ix. 12, LXX.

    And again: “Abstain from strange water, and from the fountain of another do not drink, that you may live a long time; also that the years of life may be added to thee.”4687

    4687 Prov. ix. 19.

    And in the Gospel our Lord Jesus Christ spoke with His divine voice, saying, “Except a man be born again of water and the Spirit, he cannot enter the kingdom of God.”4688

    4688 John iii. 5.

    This is the Spirit which from the beginning was borne over the waters; for neither can the Spirit operate without the water, nor the water without the Spirit.  Certain people therefore interpret for themselves ill, when they say that by imposition of the hand they receive the Holy Ghost, and are thus received, when it is manifest that they ought to be born again in the Catholic Church by both sacraments. Then indeed they will be able to be sons of God, as says the apostle: “Taking care to keep the unity of the Spirit in the bond of peace. There is one body, and one Spirit, as ye have been called in one hope of your calling; one Lord, one faith, one baptism, one God.”4689

    4689 Eph. iv. 3–6.

    All these things speaks the Catholic Church.4690

    4690 [He has no idea that this voice proceeds from any one bishop.]

    And again, in the Gospel the Lord says: “That which is born of the flesh is flesh, and that which is born of the Spirit is spirit; because God is a Spirit, and he is born of God.”4691

    4691 John iii. 6.

    Therefore, whatsoever things all heretics and schismatics do are carnal, as the apostle says:  “For the works of the flesh are manifest, which are, fornications, uncleannesses, incest, idolatries, witchcrafts, hatreds, contentions, jealousy, anger, divisions, heresies, and the like to these; concerning which have told you before, as I also foretell you now, that whoever do such things shall not inherit the kingdom of God.”4692

    4692 Gal. v. 19–21.

    And thus the apostle condemns, with all the wicked, those also who cause division, that is, schismatics and heretics. Unless therefore they receive saving baptism in the Catholic Church, which is one, they cannot be saved, but will be condemned with the carnal in the judgment of the Lord Christ.

    Januarius of Lambesis4693

    4693 In Numidia.

    said: According to the authority4694

    4694 [This appeal to Scripture against Stephen must be noted, whatever we may think of his conclusions.]

    of the Holy Scriptures, I decree that all heretics must be baptized, and so admitted into the holy Church.

    Lucius of Castra Galbæ4695

    4695 Or Gilba.

    said: Since the Lord in His Gospel said, “Ye are the salt of the earth: but if the salt should have lost its savour, wherewith shall it be salted? It is thenceforth good for nothing, but to be cast out of doors, and to be trodden under foot of men.”4696

    4696 Matt. v. 13.

    And again, after His resurrection, sending His apostles, He gave them charge, saying, “All power is given unto me, in heaven and in earth. Go and teach all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost.”4697

    4697 Matt. xxviii. 18, 19.

    Since, therefore, it is manifest that heretics—that is, the enemies of Christ—have not the sound confession of the sacrament; moreover, that schismatics cannot season others with spiritual wisdom, since they themselves, by departing from the Church, which is one, having lost the savour, have become contrary to it,—let it be done as it is written, “The house of those that are contrary to the law owes a cleansing.”4698

    4698 Prov. xiv. 9, LXX.

    And it is a consequence that those who, having been baptized by people who are contrary to the Church, are polluted, must first be cleansed, and then at length be baptized.

    Crescens of Cirta4699

    4699 Cirta Julia in Numidia.

    said: In such an assembly of most holy fellow-priests, as the letters of our most beloved Cyprian to Jubaianus and also to Stephen have been read, containing in them so much of the holy testimonies which descend from the divinely made Scriptures, that with reason we ought, all being made one by the grace of God, to consent to them; I judge that all heretics and schismatics who wish to come to the Catholic Church, shall not be allowed to enter without they have first been exorcised and baptized; with the exception of those indeed who may previously have been baptized in the Catholic Church, and these in such a way that they may be reconciled to the penitence of the Church by the imposition of hands.

    Nicomedes of Segermæ4700

    4700 In Numidia.

    said: My opinion is this, that heretics coming to the Church should be baptized, for the reason that among sinners without they can obtain no remission of sins.

    Munnulus4701

    4701 Ep. liii. p. 336, supra. Munnulus is mentioned as one of the bishops who write with Cyprian to Cornelius. He is there called “Monulus.”

    of Girba4702

    4702 Gerra.

    said: The truth of our Mother4703

    4703 [Testimony to the meaning of the Holy Catholic Church in the Nicene Creed.]

    the Catholic Church, brethren, hath always remained and still remains with us, and even especially in the Trinity of baptism, as our Lord says, “Go ye and baptize the nations, in the name of the Father, of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit.”4704

    4704 Matt. xxviii. 19.

      Since, then, we manifestly know that heretics have not either Father, or Son, or Holy Spirit, they ought, when they come to the Church our Mother, truly to be born again and to be baptized; that the cancer which they had, and the anger of damnation, and the witchery of error, may be sanctified by the holy and heavenly laver.

    Secundinus of Cedias4705

    4705 Perhaps Quidias in Mauritania Cæsariensis.

    said: Since our Lord Christ says, “He who is not with me is against me;”4706

    4706 Matt. xii. 30.

    and John the apostle calls those who depart from the Church Antichrists—undoubtedly enemies of Christ—any such as are called Antichrists cannot minister the grace of saving baptism. And therefore I think that those who flee from the snares of the heretics to the Church must be baptized by us, who are called friends of God, of His condescension.

    Felix of Bagai4707

    4707 In Numidia. Here was held the Donatist “Concilium Bagaiense” of 310 bishops (Oxford ed.).

    said: As, when the blind leads the blind, they fall together into the ditch; so, when the heretic baptizes a heretic, they fall together into death. And therefore a heretic must be baptized and made alive, lest we who are alive should hold communion with the dead.

    Polianus of Mileum4708

    4708 In Numidia.

    said: It is right that a heretic be baptized in the holy Church.

    Theogenes of Hippo Regius4709

    4709 The See of St. Augustine in Numidia, 218 miles from Carthage, and 160 miles from Hippo Diarrhytus. See p. 571, infra.

    said: According to the sacrament of God’s heavenly grace which we have received, we believe one baptism which is in the holy Church.

    Dativus of Badis4710

    4710 Badea, or Badel, in Numidia.

    said: We, as far as in us lies, do not hold communion with heretics, unless they have been baptized in the Church, and have received remission of their sins.

    Successus of Abbir Germaniciana4711

    4711 In Zeugitana.

    said: Heretics can either do nothing, or they can do all. If they can baptize, they can also bestow the Holy Spirit. But if they cannot give the Holy Spirit, because they have not the Holy Spirit, neither can they spiritually baptize. Therefore we judge that heretics must be baptized.

    Fortunatus of Tuccaboris4712

    4712 Tucca-terebinthina in Zeugitana.

    said: Jesus Christ our Lord and God, Son of God the Father and Creator, built His Church upon a rock,4713

    4713 [Evidently he never suspects that Stephen is the rock.]

    not upon heresy; and gave the power of baptizing to bishops, not to heretics. Wherefore they who are without the Church, and, standing in opposition to Christ, disperse His sheep and flock, cannot baptize, being without.

    Sedatus of Tuburbo4714

    4714 Thuburbo, or Thuburbis, in Zeugitana.

    said: In the degree in which water sanctified in the Church by the prayer of the priest, washes away sins; in that degree, if infected with heretical discourse as with a cancer, it heaps up sins. Wherefore we must endeavour with all peaceful powers, that no one infected and stained with heretical error refuse to receive the single and true baptism of the Church, by which whosoever is not baptized, shall become an alien from the kingdom of heaven. Privatianus of Sufetula4715

    4715 A city of Numidia Byzacenæ.

    said: Let him who says that heretics have the power of baptizing, say first who founded heresy. For if heresy is of God, it also may have the divine indulgence. But if it is not from God, how can it either have the grace of God, or confer it upon any one?

    Privatus of Sufes4716

    4716 In Byzacena.

    said: He who approves the baptism of heretics, what else does he do than communicate with heretics?

    Hortensianus of Lares4717

    4717 A city of Numidia Ptolemais.

    said: Let either these presumptuous ones,4718

    4718 [Stephen and those who accept his ideas.]

    or those who favour heretics, consider how many baptisms there are. We claim for the Church one baptism, which we know not except in the Church. Or how can they baptize any one in the name of Christ, whom Christ Himself declares to be His adversaries?

    Cassius of Macomadæ4719

    4719 Or Macodama in Numidia.

    said: Since there cannot be two baptisms, he who yields baptism to the heretics takes it away from himself. I judge therefore that heretics, lamentable and corrupt, must be baptized when they begin to come to the Church; and that when washed by the sacred and divine washing, and illuminated by the light of life, they may be received into the Church, not as enemies, but as made peaceful; not as foreigners, but as of the household of the faith of the Lord; not as children of adultery, but as sons of God; not of error, but of salvation; except those who once faithful have been supplanted, and have passed over from the Church to the darkness of heresy, but that these must be restored by the imposition of hands.

    Another Januarius of Vicus Cæsaris4720

    4720 Perhaps Nova Cæsaris in Numidia.

    said:  If error does not obey truth, much more truth does not consent to error; and therefore we stand by the Church in which we preside, that, claiming her baptism for herself alone, we should baptize those whom the Church has not baptized.

    Another Secundinus of Carpi4721

    4721 In Zeugitana, on the borders of Tunis.

    said: Are heretics Christians or not? If they are Christians, why are they not in the Church of God? If they are not Christians, how come they to make Christians? Or whither will tend the Lord’s discourse, when He says, “He that is not with me is against me, and he who gathereth not with me scattereth?”4722

    4722 Matt. xii. 30.

    Whence it appears plain that upon strange children, and on the offspring of Antichrist, the Holy Ghost cannot descend only by imposition of hands, since it is manifest that heretics have not baptism.

    Victoricus of Thabraca4723

    4723 A colony variously called Tabraca or Tabathra.

    said: If heretics are allowed to baptize and to give remission of sins, wherefore do we brand them with infamy and call them heretics?

    Another Felix of Uthina4724

    4724 Οὔθινα in Zeugitana.

    said: Nobody doubts, most holy fellow-priests, that human presumption is not able to do so much as the adorable and venerable majesty of our Lord Jesus Christ.  Therefore, remembering the danger, we ought not only to observe this also, but moreover to confirm it by the voice of all of us, that all heretics who come to the bosom of Mother Church should be baptized, that thus the heretical mind that has been polluted by a long decay, purged by the sanctification of the laver, may be reformed for the better.

    Quietus of Baruch4725

    4725 Or Buruch, probably Bourka in Numidia.

    said: We who live by faith ought to obey with careful observance those things which before have been foretold for our instruction. For it is written in Solomon: “He that is baptized from the dead, (and again toucheth the dead,4726

    4726 This clause is omitted in the larger number of editions.

    ) what availeth his washing?”4727

    4727 Ecclus. xxxiv. 25.

    which certainly speaks of those who are washed by heretics, and of those that wash them. For if those who are baptized among them obtain by remission of their sins life eternal, why do they come to the Church? But if from a dead person no salvation is received, and therefore, acknowledging their previous error, they return to the truth with penitence, they ought to be sanctified with the one vital baptism which is in the Catholic Church.

    Castus of Sicca4728

    4728 Sicca Veneria, a city of Zeugitana.

    said: He who with contempt of the truth presumes to follow custom, is either envious and malignant in respect of his brethren to whom the truth is revealed, or is ungrateful in respect of God, by whose inspiration His Church is instructed.

    Euchratius of Thenæ4729

    4729 A city of Byzacena.

    said: God and our Lord Jesus Christ, teaching the apostles with His own mouth, has entirely completed our faith, and the grace of baptism, and the rule of the ecclesiastical law, saying: “Go ye and teach all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost.”4730

    4730 Matt. xxviii. 18.

    Thus the false and wicked baptism of heretics must be rejected by us, and refuted with all detestation, from whose mouth is expressed poison, not life, not celestial grace, but blasphemy of the Trinity.4731

    4731 “Let the reader observe here, as elsewhere, that the word ‘Trinity’ is simply used for the persons of the Godhead” (Oxford edit.).

    And therefore it is manifest that heretics who come to the Church ought to be baptized with the sound and Catholic baptism, in order that, being purified from the blasphemy of their presumption, they may be reformed by the grace of the Holy Spirit.

    Libosus of Vaga4732

    4732 A city of Numidia.

    said: In the Gospel the Lord says, “I am the truth.”4733

    4733 John xiv. 6.

    He said not, “I am the custom.” Therefore the truth being manifest, let custom yield to truth; so that, although for the past any one was not in the habit of baptizing heretics in the Church, let him now begin to baptize them.4734

    4734 [Here is a concession that at least the local custom could be pleaded by Stephen.]

    Lucius of Thebeste4735

    4735 A city of Numidia.

    said: I determine that blasphemous and unrighteous heretics, who with various words tear asunder the holy and adorable words of the Scriptures, are to be accursed, and therefore that they must be exorcised and baptized.

    Eugenius of Ammedera4736

    4736 A city of Numidia.

    said: And I determine the same—that heretics must be baptized.

    Also another Felix of Amaccora4737

    4737 “Damatcore,” or “Vamaccore,” in Numidia.

    said: And I myself, following the authority of the divine Scriptures,4738

    4738 [Here we may think as we choose as to this conclusion, but the appeal to Holy Scripture proves that this is the only infallible authority.]

    judge that heretics must be baptized; and, moreover, those also who contend that they have been baptized among the schismatics. For if, according to Christ’s warning, our font is private to us, let all the adversaries of our Church understand that it cannot be for another. Nor can He who is the Shepherd of the one flock give the saving water to two peoples. And therefore it is plain that neither heretics nor schismatics can receive anything heavenly, seeing that they dare to receive from men who are sinners, and from those who are external to the Church. When there is no place for the giver, assuredly there is no profit for the receiver.

    Also another Januarius of Muzzuli4739

    4739 Mazula in Numidia.

    said: I am surprised, since all confess that there is one baptism, that all do not perceive the unity of the same baptism.  For the Church and heresy are two things, and different things.  If heretics have baptism, we have it not; but if we have it, heretics cannot have it. But there is no doubt that the Church alone possesses the baptism of Christ, since she alone possesses both the grace and the truth of Christ.

    Adelphius of Thasvalte4740

    4740 A city of Byzacena.

    said: Certain persons without reason impugn the truth by false and envious words, in saying that we rebaptize, when the Church does not rebaptize heretics, but baptizes them.

    Demetrius of Leptiminus4741

    4741 Λέπτις μικρά—a city of Byzacena.

    said: We maintain one baptism, because we demand for the Church Catholic alone her own property.  But they who say that heretics truly and legitimately baptize, are themselves the people who make not one, but many baptisms. For since heresies are many, according to their number will be reckoned baptisms.

    Vincentius of Thibaris4742

    4742 Tabora, a city of Mauritania Cæsariensis.

    said: We know that heretics are worse than Gentiles. If, therefore, being converted, they should wish to come to the Lord, we have assuredly the rule of truth which the Lord by His divine precept commanded to His apostles, saying, “Go ye, lay on hands in my name, expel demons.”4743

    4743 Apparently in reference to Mark xvi. 17, 18.

    And in another place:  “Go ye and teach the nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost.”4744

    4744 Matt. xxviii. 19.

    Therefore first of all by imposition of hands in exorcism, secondly by the regeneration of baptism, they may then come to the promise of Christ. Otherwise I think it ought not to be done.

    Marcus of Mactaris4745

    4745 A city of Byzacena.

    said: It is not to be wondered at if heretics, enemies, and impugners of the truth claim to themselves a matter in the power and condescension of others. But it is to be wondered at, that some of us, prevaricators of the truth, support heretics and oppose themselves to Christians. Therefore we decree that heretics must be baptized.

    Sattius of Sicilibba4746

    4746 A city of Zeugitana—“Sicilibra,” thirty-four miles from Carthage.

    said: If to heretics in baptism their sins are remitted, they come to the Church without reason.  For since, in the day of judgment, they are sins which are punished, there is nothing which the heretics can fear from Christ’s judgment, if they have already obtained remission of their sins.

    Victor of Gor4747

    4747 Probably “Garra,” a city of Mauritania Cæsariensis, or “Garriana,” a city of Byzacena.

    said: Since sins are not remitted4748

    4748 [Referring to Acts xxii. 16 and John xx. 23.]

    save in the baptism of the Church, he who admits a heretic to communion without baptism does two things against reason: he does not cleanse the heretics, and he befouls the Christians.

    Aurelius of Utica4749

    4749 A city of Zeugitana, famous as being the place of Cato’s death, now called Byzerta.

    said: Since the apostle says that we are not to communicate with other people’s sins, what else does he do but communicate with other people’s sins, who holds communion with heretics without the Church’s baptism?  And therefore I judge that heretics must be baptized, that they may receive forgiveness of their sins; and thus communion may be had with them.

    Iambus of Germaniciana4750

    4750 Scil. “urbs,” a city of Byzacena. The epithet refers to its being a place frequented by the veterans of German cohort, and distinguishes it from “Abbiritana.”

    said:  They who approve of the baptism of heretics, disapprove of ours, in denying that they who are, I will not say washed, but befouled, outside the Church, ought to be baptized in the Church.

    Lucianus of Rucuma4751

    4751 A city of Zeugitana.

    said: It is written, “And God saw the light, that it was good, and divided between the light and the darkness.”4752

    4752 Gen. i. 4.

    If there can be agreement between light and darkness, there may be something in common between us and heretics. Therefore I determine that heretics must be baptized.

    Pelagianus of Luperciana4753

    4753 Possibly “Lubertina.”

    said: It is written, “Either the Lord is God, or Baal is God.”4754

    4754 1 Kings xviii. 21.

    Therefore in the present case also, either the Church is the Church, or heresy is the Church.  On the other hand, if heresy is not the Church, how can the Church’s baptism be among heretics?

    Jader of Midila4755

    4755 A city of Numidia.

    said: We know that there is but one baptism in the Catholic Church, and therefore we ought not to receive a heretic unless he has been baptized among us; lest he should think that he has been baptized out of the Catholic Church.

    Also another Felix of Marazana4756

    4756 A city of Byzacena.

    said: There is one faith, one baptism, but of the Catholic Church, which alone has the right to baptize.

    Paulus of Obba4757

    4757 Otherwise “Bobba,” a city of Mauritania.

    said: It does not disturb me if any man does not assert the faith and truth of the Church, since the apostle says, “For what if some of them have fallen away from the faith? Has their unbelief made the faith of God of no effect? By no means. For God is true, but every man a liar.”4758

    4758 Rom. iii. 3, 4.

    But if God is true, how can the truth of baptism be among the heretics, among whom God is not?

    Pomponius of Dionysiana4759

    4759 A city of Byzacena.

    said: It is evident that heretics cannot baptize and give remission of sins, seeing that they have not power to be able to loose or to bind anything on earth.

    Venantius of Timisa4760

    4760 A city of Zeugitana.

    said: If a husband, going into foreign parts, had commended his wife to the guardianship of his friend, that friend would take care of her who was commended to him with all possible diligence, that her chastity and holiness should not be corrupted by any one. Christ the Lord and our God, going to His Father, has commended to us His bride. Shall we guard her incorrupt and inviolate, or shall we betray her integrity and chastity to adulterers and corrupters? For he who makes the Church’s baptism common to heretics, betrays the spouse of Christ to adulterers.

    Ahymnus of Ausvaga4761

    4761 This seems to be “Ausana” or “Ausagga.”

    said: We have received one baptism, and that same we maintain and practise. But he who says that heretics also may lawfully baptize, makes two baptisms.

    Saturninus of Victoriana4762

    4762 A city of Byzacena.

    said: If heretics may baptize, they who do unlawful things are excused and defended; nor do I see why either Christ should have called them adversaries, or the apostle should have called them Antichrists.

    Saturninus4763

    4763 The Oxford reads “Another Saturninus.”

    of Thucca4764

    4764 A city of Numidia.

    said: The Gentiles, although they worship idols, do yet know and confess a supreme God4765

    4765 Manifestly, says the Oxford editor, this expression refers to “Jupiter the father of gods and men.”

    as Father and Creator. Against Him Marcion blasphemes, and some persons do not blush to approve the baptism of Marcion. How do such priests either observe or vindicate God’s priesthood, who do not baptize God’s enemies, and hold communion with them as they are!

    Marcellus of Zama4766

    4766 A city of Numidia; the scene of Hannibal’s overthrow by Scorpio.

    said: Since sins are not remitted4767

    4767 [The Nicene Creed is emphatic in the article based on this idea; and it proves that the primitive discipline of penitence was not in those days a “sacrament of absolution,” to which all were compelled to submit. Private confessions seem to have been unknown.]

    save in the baptism of the Church, he who does not baptize a heretic holds communion with a sinner.

    Irenæus of Ululi4768

    4768 “Usilla,” a city of Byzacena.

    said: If the Church does not baptize a heretic, for the reason that he is said to be already baptized, it is the greater heresy.

    Donatus of Cibaliana4769

    4769 Possibly “Cerbaliana” in Byzacena.

    said: I know one Church and her one baptism. If there is any who says that the grace of baptism is with heretics, he must first show and prove that the Church is among them.

    Zosimus of Tharassa4770

    4770 A city of Numidia.

    said: When a revelation of the truth is made, let error give place to truth; because Peter also, who previously circumcised, yielded to Paul when he preached the truth.4771

    4771 [The bearings of this simple statement upon the later claims of Stephen’s See must not be overlooked.]

    Julianus of Telepte4772

    4772 A city of Numidia Byzacenæ.

    said: It is written, “No man can receive anything unless it have been given him from heaven.”4773

    4773 John iii. 27.

    If heresy is from heaven, it can also give baptism.

    Faustus of Timida Regia4774

    4774 A city of Zeugitana; some read “Tumida.”

    said: Let not them who are in favour of heretics flatter themselves. He who interferes with the baptism of the Church on behalf of heretics, makes them Christians, and us heretics.

    Geminius of Furni4775

    4775 A city of Zeugitana.

    said:  Some of our colleagues may prefer heretics to themselves, they cannot to us: and therefore what we have once determined we maintain—that we baptize those who come to us from the heretics.

    Rogatianus of Nova4776

    4776 A city of Mauritania Cæsariensis. Fell observes that in Numidia are many cities of the name of “Nova” or “Noba.”

    said: Christ instituted the Church; the devil, heresy. How can the synagogue of Satan have the baptism of Christ?

    Therapius of Bulla4777

    4777 A city of Zeugitana.  There were two cities of the name—Βουλλαρία, or Bulla Regia, and Βουλλαμίνσα, or Bulla Minor. The latter is probably referred to.

    said: He who concedes and betrays the Church’s baptism to heretics, what else has he been to the spouse of Christ than a Judas?

    Also another Lucius of Membresa4778

    4778 Otherwise “Memosita,” a city of Zeugitana. It is also written “Membrosa.”

    said: It is written, “God heareth not a sinner.”4779

    4779 John ix. 31.

    How can a heretic who is a sinner be heard in baptism?

    Also another Felix of Bussacene4780

    4780 Probably “Byzacene.”

    said: In the matter of receiving heretics without the baptism of the Church, let no one prefer custom to reason and truth, because reason and truth always exclude custom.4781

    4781 [Custom, then, was elsewhere established: and it ultimately prevailed; whether against truth or not, need not here be discussed.]

    Another Saturninus of Avitini4782

    4782 This is supposed to be “Autenti,” a city of Byzacene.

    said: If Antichrist can give to any one the grace of Christ, heretics also are able to baptize, for they are called antichrists.

    Quintus of Aggya:4783

    4783 Supposed to be Aggiva.

    He can give something who has something. But what can heretics give, who, it is plain, have nothing?

    Another Julianus of Marcelliana4784

    4784 Mention of the Bishop of Marcelliana is found in Notitia Episcopatus Africæ.

    said: If a man can serve two masters, God and mammon, baptism also can serve two masters, the Christian and the heretic.

    Tenax of Horrea Cæliæ4785

    4785 A village belonging to Byzacene, seventy-five miles from Carthage.

    said: Baptism is one, but it is the Church’s. Where the Church is not there, there can be no baptism.

    Another Victor of Assuri4786

    4786 A city of Zeugitana.

    said: It is written, that “God is one, and Christ is one, and the Church is one, and baptism is one.”4787

    4787 Eph. iv. 5.

    How, therefore, can any one be baptized there, where God, and Christ, and the one Church is not?

    Donatulus of Capse4788

    4788 A city of Byzacene.

    said: And I also have always thought this, that heretics, who can obtain nothing without the Church, when they are converted to the Church, must be baptized.

    Verulus4789

    4789 Called in some editions “a martyr from the schismatics.”

    of Rusiccada4790

    4790 A city of Numidia.

    said: A man who is a heretic cannot give what he has not; much more a schismatic, who has lost what he once had.

    Pudentianus of Cuiculis4791

    4791 A city of Numidia.

    said: The novelty of my episcopal office,4792

    4792 [Noteworthy examples of episcopal modesty. In the colleges of bishops, however, it is now usual to call upon juniors first, that, if they should think differently from older brethren, their free opinion need not be restrained by deference.]

    beloved brethren, has caused me to await what my elders should judge. For it is manifest that heresies have nothing, nor can have any thing. And thus, if any one comes from them, it is most justly decreed that they must be baptized.

    Peter of Hippo Diarrhytus4793

    4793 A city of Zeugitana, called Diarrhytus because of the number of the streams that water it. The name is otherwise read “Hippo Diarrhytorum.”

    said: Since there is one baptism in the Catholic Church, it is manifest that one cannot be baptized outside the Church. And therefore I judge that those who have been dipped in heresy or in schism, when they come to the Church, should be baptized.

    Also another Lucius of Ausafa4794

    4794 A city of Zeugitana, sometimes written “Assapha.”

    said: According to the direction of my mind, and of the Holy Spirit, as there is one God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, and one Christ, and one hope, and one Spirit, and one Church, there ought also to be one baptism. And therefore I say, that if any thing had been set on foot or accomplished by heretics, it ought to be rescinded, and that those who come thence must be baptized in the Church.

    Also another Felix of Gurgites4795

    4795 A city of Byzacene.

    said: I judge that, according to the precepts of the holy Scriptures, he who is unlawfully baptized by heretics outside the Church, when he wishes to take refuge in the Church, should obtain the grace of baptism where it is lawfully given.

    Pusillus of Lamasba4796

    4796 “Lambesa,” a city of Numidia.

    said: I believe that there is no saving baptism except in the Catholic Church. Whatsoever is apart from the Catholic Church is a pretence.

    Salvianus of Gazaufala4797

    4797 A city of Numidia, otherwise Γαυσάφνα (Ptol.) and Γαζόφυλα (Procop.)

    said: It is certain that heretics have nothing, and therefore they come to us that they may receive what they have not.

    Honoratus of Thucca4798

    4798 There are four cities in Africa of this name.

    said: Since Christ is the Truth, we ought rather to follow truth than custom; so that we should sanctify heretics with the Church’s baptism, seeing that they come to us for the reason that they could receive nothing without.

    Victor of Octavum4799

    4799 A city of Numidia, otherwise called “Octabum.”

    said: As yourselves also know, I have not long been appointed a bishop, and I therefore waited for the decision4800

    4800 [Noteworthy examples of episcopal modesty. In the colleges of bishops, however, it is now usual to call upon juniors first, that, if they should think differently from older brethren, their free opinion need not be restrained by deference.]

    of my predecessors. I therefore think this, that as many as come from heresy should undoubtedly be baptized.

    Clarus of Mascula4801

    4801 A city of Numidia.

    said: The sentence of our Lord Jesus Christ is plain, when He sent His apostles, and accorded to them alone the power given to Him by His Father; and to them we have succeeded, governing the Lord’s Church with the same power,4802

    4802 [This is Cyprian’s theory of the origin of the episcopate. Elucidation infra.]

    and baptizing the faith of believers. And therefore heretics, who neither have power without, nor have the Church of Christ, are able to baptize no one with His baptism.

    Secundianus of Thambei4803

    4803 A city of Byzacena.

    said: We ought not to deceive heretics by our presumption; so that they who have not been baptized in the Church of our Lord Jesus Christ, and have not obtained by this means remissions of their sins, when the day of judgment shall come, should impute to us that through us they were not baptized, and did not obtain the indulgence of divine grace. On which account, since there is one Church and one baptism, when they are converted to us they should obtain, together with the Church, the Church’s baptism also.

    Also another Aurelius of Chullabi4804

    4804 This is otherwise called “Cululi,” a city of Byzacena.

    said:  John the apostle laid it down in his epistle, saying: “If any one come unto you, and have not the doctrine of Christ, receive him not into your house, and say not to him, Hail. For he that saith to him, Hail, partakes with his evil deeds.”4805

    4805 2 John 10; 11.

    How can such be rashly admitted into God’s house, who are prohibited from being admitted into our private dwelling? Or how can we hold communion with them without the Church’s baptism, to whom, if we should only say Hail, we are partakers of their evil deeds?

    Litteus4806

    4806 This Litteus is mentioned in Ep. lxxvi. p. 402, supra.

    of Gemelli4807

    4807 A city of Numidia. A Roman colony was planted there under the Emperor Hadrian.

    said: If the blind lead the blind, both fall into the ditch. Since, then, it is manifest that heretics cannot give light to any, as being themselves blind, their baptism does not avail.

    Natalis of Oëa4808

    4808 A city of Tripolis.

    said: As well I who am present, as Pompey4809

    4809 Probably the same to whom Ep. lxxiii. (p. 386, supra) was written.

    of Sabrata,4810

    4810 A city of Tripolis.

    as also Dioga of Leptis Magna4811

    4811 A city of Tripolis, thus distinguished from Leptis parva.

    —who, absent indeed in body, but present in spirit, have given me charge—judge the same as our colleagues, that heretics cannot hold communion with us, unless they shall be baptized with ecclesiastical baptism.

    Junius of Neapolis4812

    4812 A city of Tripolis.

    said: From the judgment which we once determined on I do not recede, that we should baptize heretics who come to the Church.

    Cyprian of Carthage said: The letter which was written to our colleague Jubaianus very fully expresses my opinion, that, according to evangelical and apostolic testimony, heretics, who are called adversaries of Christ and Antichrists, when they come to the Church, must be baptized with the one baptism of the Church, that they may be made of adversaries, friends, and of Antichrists, Christians.4813

    4813 [Here Cyprian sums up, and gives the sentence of the council, after the example of St. James, who presided in the Council of Jerusalem, Acts xv. 13; 19.]

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