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CHAPTER 2PREVIOUS CHAPTER - NEXT CHAPTER - HELP GEOGRAPHY
— Primitive conception of the earth as flat — In Chaldea and Egypt — In Persia — Among the Hebrews — Evolution, among the Greeks, of the idea of its sphericity — Opposition of the early Church — Evolution of a sacred theory, drawn from the Bible — Its completion by Cosmas Indicopleustes — Its influence on Christian thought — Survival of the idea of the earth’s sphericity — Its acceptance by Isidore and Bede — Its struggle and final victory — Belief of every ancient people that its own central place was the center of the earth — Hebrew conviction that the earth’s center was at Jerusalem — Acceptance of this view by Christianity — Influence of other Hebrew conceptions — Gog and Magog, the “four winds,” the waters “on an heap” — The idea of antipodes — Its opposition by the Christian Church — Gregory Nazianzen, — Lactantius, Basil, Ambrose, Augustine, Procopius of Gaza, — Cosmas, Isidore — Virgil of Salzburg’s assertion of it in the eighth century — Its revival by William of Conches and Albert the Great in the thirteenth — Surrender of it by Nicolas d’Oresme — Fate of Peter of Abano and Cecco d’ Ascoli — Timidity of Pierre d’Ailly and Tostatus — Theological hindrance of Columbus — Pope Alexander VI’s demarcation line — Cautious conservatism of Gregory Reysch — Magellan and the victory of science — Scientific attempts at measuring the earth — The sacred solution of the problem — Fortunate influence of the blunder upon Columbus — Servetus and the charge of denying the fertility of Judea — Contrast between the theological and the religious spirit in their effects on science GOTO NEXT CHAPTER - SCIENCE VS. THEOLOGY INDEX & SEARCH
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