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CHAPTER 3PREVIOUS CHAPTER - NEXT CHAPTER - HELP ASTRONOMY.
The early Churchs conviction of the uselessness of astronomy The growth of a sacred theory Origen, the Gnostics, Philastrius, Cosmas, Isidore The geocentric, or Ptolemaic, theory its origin, and its acceptance by the Christian world Development of the new sacred system of astronomy The pseudo-Dionysius, Peter Lombard. Thomas Aquinas Its popularization by Dante Its details Its persistence to modern times Its rise among the Greeks Pythagoras, Philolaus, Aristarchus Its suppression by the charge of blasphemy Its loss from sight for six hundred Years, then for a thousand Its revival by Nicholas de Cusa and Nicholas Copernicus Its toleration as a hypothesis Its prohibition as soon as Galileo teaches it as a truth Consequent timidity of scholars Acosta, Apian Protestantism not less zealous in opposition than Catholicism Luther Melanchthon, Calvin, Turretin This opposition especially persistent in England Hutchinson, Pike, Horne, Horsley, Forbes, Owen, Wesley Resulting interferences with freedom of teaching Giordano Brunos boldness and his fate The truth demonstrated by the telescope of Galileo Concentration of the war on this new champion The first attack Fresh attacks Elci, Busaeus, Caccini, Lorini, Bellarmin Use of epithets Attempts to entrap Galileo His summons before the Inquisition at Rome The injunction to silence, and the condemnation of the theory of the earths motion, The work of Copernicus placed on the Index Galileos seclusion Renewed attacks upon Galileo Inchofer, Fromundus Publication of his Dialog, Hostility of Pope Urban VIII Galileos second trial by the Inquisition His abjuration Later persecution of him Measures to complete the destruction of the Copernican theory Persecution of Galileos memory Protestant hostility to the new astronomy and its champions Rejoicing of churchmen over the victory The silencing of Descartes Persecution of Campanella and of Kepler Persistence and victory of science Dilemma of the theologians Vain attempts to postpone the surrender The easy path for the Protestant theologians The difficulties of the older Church. The papal infallibility fully committed against the Copernican theory Attempts at evasion First plea: that Galileo was condemned not for affirming the earths motion, but for supporting it from Scripture Its easy refutation Second plea: that he was condemned not for heresy, but for contumacy Folly of this assertion Third plea: that it was all a quarrel between Aristotelian professors and those favoring the experimental method Fourth plea: that the condemnation of Galileo was provisory Fifth plea: that he was no more a victim of Catholics than of Protestants Efforts to blacken Galileos character Efforts to suppress the documents of his trial Their fruitlessness Sixth plea: that the popes as popes had never condemned his theory Its confutation from their own mouths Abandonment of the contention by honest Catholics Two efforts at compromise Newman, De Bonald Effect of all this on thinking men The fault not in Catholicism more than in Protestantism not in religion, but in theology GOTO NEXT CHAPTER - SCIENCE VS. THEOLOGY INDEX & SEARCH
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