SEV Biblia, Chapter 3:21
¿Quién sabe que el espíritu de los hijos de los hombres suba arriba, y que el espíritu del animal descienda debajo de la tierra?
Clarke's Bible Commentary - Ecclesiastes 3:21
Verse 21. Who knoweth the spirit of man - I think the meaning of this important verse is well taken by the above able writer: - The nobler part of man, 'tis true, survives The frail corporeal frame: but who regards The difference? Those who live like beasts, as such Would die, and be no more, if their own fate Depended on themselves. Who once reflects, Amidst his revels, that the human soul, Of origin celestial, mounts aloft, While that of brutes to earth shall downward go?" The word jwr ruach, which is used in this and the nineteenth verse, has two significations, breath and spirit. It signifies spirit, or an incorporeal substance, as distinguished from flesh, or a corporeal one, 1 Kings xxii. 21, 22, and Isa. xxxi. 3. And it signifies the spirit or soul of man, Psalm xxxi. 6; Isa. lvii. 16, and in this book, chap. xii. 7, and in many other places. In this book it is used also to signify the breath, spirit, or soul of a beast. While it was said in ver. 19, they have all one breath, i.e., the man and the beast live the same kind of animal life; in this verse, a proper distinction is made between the jwr ruach, or soul of man, and the jwr ruach, or soul of the beast: the one goeth upwards, the other goeth downwards. The literal translation of these important words is this: "Who considereth the jwr ruach) immortal spirit of the sons of Adam, which ascendeth? it is from above; ( hl[ml ayh hi lemalah;) and the spirit or breath of the cattle which descendeth? it is downwards unto the earth," i.e., it tends to the earth only. This place gives no countenance to the materiality of the soul; and yet it is the strongest hold to which the cold and fruitless materialist can resort.
Solomon most evidently makes an essential difference between the human soul and that of brutes. Both have souls, but of different natures: the soul of man was made for God, and to God it shall return: God is its portion, and when a holy soul leaves the body, it goes to paradise. The soul of the beast was made to derive its happiness from this lower world. Brutes shall have a resurrection, and have an endless enjoyment in a new earth. The body of man shall arise, and join his soul that is already above; and both enjoy final blessedness in the fruition of God. That Solomon did not believe they had the same kind of spirit, and the same final lot, as some materialists and infidels say, is evident from chap. xii. 7: "The spirit shall return unto God who gave it."
John Gill's Bible Commentary
Ver. 21. Who knoweth the spirit of man that goeth upward ? etc.] There is indeed a difference between a man and a beast; though they have one breath, they have not one spirit or soul; man has a rational and immortal soul, which, when he dies, goes upwards to God that gave it; to be judged by him, and disposed of by him, in its proper apartment, until the day of the resurrection of the body; and the spirit of the beast that goeth downward to the earth ? when the beast dies, its spirit goes down to the earth, from whence it came, and is resolved into it, and is no more. But who is it that sees, or can see and know with the eyes of his body, the difference of these two spirits, or the ascent of the one, and the descent of the other?, Or who knows by the dint of reason, by the strength of his own understanding, without a divine revelation, that man has an immortal soul which goes upwards at death, when that of a beast goes downwards? No man, clearly and fully, as appears from the doubts and half faith of the wisest Heathens concerning it: or rather who knows and considers this difference between the spirit of a man and the spirit of a beast, and thinks within himself what a precious and immortal soul he has, and is concerned for the salvation of it? Very few; and hence it is they live and die like beasts, as they do. The Midrash interprets this of the souls of the righteous that go up to heaven, and of the souls of the wicked that go down to hell.
Matthew Henry Commentary
The changes of human affairs. (Eccl. 3:1-10) The Divine counsel unchangeable. (Eccl. 3:11-15) The vanity of worldly power. (Eccl 3:16-22)
Eccl. 3:1-10 To expect unchanging happiness in a changing world, mus end in disappointment. To bring ourselves to our state in life, is ou duty and wisdom in this world. God's whole plan for the government of the world will be found altogether wise, just, and good. Then let u seize the favourable opportunity for every good purpose and work. The time to die is fast approaching. Thus labour and sorrow fill the world This is given us, that we may always have something to do; none wer sent into the world to be idle.
Eccl. 3:11-15 Every thing is as God made it; not as it appears to us We have the world so much in our hearts, are so taken up with thought and cares of worldly things, that we have neither time nor spirit to see God's hand in them. The world has not only gained possession of the heart, but has formed thoughts against the beauty of God's works. We mistake if we think we were born for ourselves; no, it is our busines to do good in this life, which is short and uncertain; we have but little time to be doing good, therefore we should redeem time Satisfaction with Divine Providence, is having faith that all thing work together for good to them that love him. God doeth all, that me should fear before him. The world, as it has been, is, and will be There has no change befallen us, nor has any temptation by it taken us but such as is common to men.
Eccl. 3:16-22 Without the fear of the Lord, man is but vanity; set tha aside, and judges will not use their power well. And there is anothe Judge that stands before the door. With God there is a time for the redressing of grievances, though as yet we see it not. Solomon seems to express his wish that men might perceive, that by choosing this worl as their portion, they brought themselves to a level with the beasts without being free, as they are, from present vexations and a futur account. Both return to the dust from whence they were taken. What little reason have we to be proud of our bodies, or bodil accomplishments! But as none can fully comprehend, so few conside properly, the difference between the rational soul of man, and the spirit or life of the beast. The spirit of man goes upward, to be judged, and is then fixed in an unchangeable state of happiness of misery. It is as certain that the spirit of the beast goes downward to the earth; it perishes at death. Surely their case is lamentable, the height of whose hopes and wishes is, that they may die like beasts. Le our inquiry be, how an eternity of existence may be to us an eternit of enjoyment? To answer this, is the grand design of revelation. Jesu is revealed as the Son of God, and the Hope of sinners __________________________________________________________________
Original Hebrew
מי 4310 יודע 3045 רוח 7307 בני 1121 האדם 120 העלה 5927 היא 1931 למעלה 4605 ורוח 7307 הבהמה 929 הירדת 3381 היא 1931 למטה 4295 לארץ׃ 776
