Vincent's NT Word Studies
6. Having swerved (astochsantev). Past o . In LXX, Sir. vii. 19; vii. 9. It means to miss the mark.Have turned aside (exetraphsan). o P. Comp. 1 Tim. v. 15; vi. 20; 2 Timothy iv. 4; Heb. xii. 13.
Vain Jangling (mataiologian). N.T.o . o LXX. o Class. The word Illustrates the writer's fondness for unusual compounds. Jangling is an early English word from the old French jangler, comp. Jongleur a teller of tales. Hence jangling is empty chatter So Chaucer, "Them that jangle of love." Troil, and Cress ii. 800.
And Piers Ploughman, " And al day to drynken At diverse tavernes And there to jangle and jape." Vision, Pasc. ii. 1069.
Shakespeare, "This their jangling I esteem a sport." Mids. Night's D. iii. 2.
Wiclif, Exod. xvii. 7 (earlier version), uses jangling for wrangling. "And he clepide the name of the place Temptynge for the jangling of the sons of Israel."
Robertson's NT Word Studies
1:6 {Having swerved} (astocesantes). First aorist active participle of astocew, compound _Koin_ verb (Polybius, Plutarch) from astocos (a privative and stocos, a mark), "having missed the mark." In N.T. only here, #6:21; 2Ti 2:18. With the ablative case h"n (which). {Have turned aside} (exetrapesan). Second aorist passive indicative of ektrepw, old and common verb, to turn or twist out or aside. In medical sense in #Heb 12:13. As metaphor in #1Ti 1:6; 6:20; 2Ti 4:4. {Vain talking} (mataiologian). Late word from mataiologos, only here in N.T., in the literary _Koin_.