κηρυξον 2784 5657 V-AAM-2S τον 3588 T-ASM λογον 3056 N-ASM επιστηθι 2186 5628 V-2AAM-2S ευκαιρως 2122 ADV ακαιρως 171 ADV ελεγξον 1651 5657 V-AAM-2S επιτιμησον 2008 5657 V-AAM-2S παρακαλεσον 3870 5657 V-AAM-2S εν 1722 PREP παση 3956 A-DSF μακροθυμια 3115 N-DSF και 2532 CONJ διδαχη 1322 N-DSF
Vincent's NT Word Studies
2. Be instant (episthqi). Better, be ready. Once in Paul, 1 Thessalonians v. 3. Frequent in Luke and Acts. Lit. stand by, be at hand, be present. To come suddenly upon, Luke ii. 38. Hence, be ready. Instant signifies urgent, importunate, persevering. Lat. instant to press upon. Thus Latimer, "I preached at the instant request of a curate." So N.T., Rom. xii. 12, "Continuing instant in prayer."In season (eukairwv). Only here and Mark. xiv. 11. LXX once, Sir. xviii. 22. Comp. ajkaireisqai to have leisure or opportunity, Mark. vi. 31; 1 Corinthians xvi. 12: eujkairia opportunity, Matt. xxvi. 16: eukairov seasonable, convenient, Mark. vi. 21; Heb. iv. 16.
Out of season (akairwv). N.T.o . LXX once, Sir. xxxv. 4. Comp. ajkaireisqai to lack opportunity, Philippians. iv. 10. Timothy is not advised to disregard opportuneness, but to discharge his duty to those with whom he deals, whether it be welcome or not.
Reprove (elegxon). Rather, convict of their errors. See on 1 Tim. v. 20 and John iii. 20. In Paul, 1 Cor. xiv. 24; Eph. v. 11, 13. Comp. ejlegmon conviction, chapter iii. 16.
Rebuke (epitimhson). In Pastorals only here. o P. Mostly in the Synoptic Gospels, where it is frequent. It has two meanings: rebuke, as Matt. viii. 26; Luke xvii. 3, and charge, as Matt. xii. 16; xvi. 20, commonly followed by ina that or legwn saying (Matt. xx. 31; Mark. i. 25; iii. 12; viii. 30; Luke iv. 35), but see Luke ix. 21. The word implies a sharp, severe rebuke, with, possibly, a suggestion in some cases of impending penalty (timh); charge on pain of. This might go to justify the rendering of Holtzmann and von Soden, threaten. To charge on pain of penalty for disobedience implies a menace, in this case of future judgment.
Exhort (parakaleson). See on consolation, Luke vi. 24; comfort, Acts 931. Tischendorf changes the order of the three imperatives, reading elegxon, parakaleson, ejpitimhson. In that case there is a climax: first convict of error, then, exhort to forsake error, finally threaten with the penalty of persistence in error.
With all long-suffering and doctrine (en pash makroqumia). Pash, every possible exhibition of long, suffering, etc. For doctrine Rend. teaching. The combination is Suggestive. Long-suffering is to be maintained against the temptations to anger presented by the obstinacy and perverseness of certain hearers; and such are to be met, not merely with rebuke, but also with sound and reasonable instruction in the truth. So Calvin: "Those who are strong only in fervor and sharpness, but are not fortified with solid doctrine, weary themselves in their vigorous efforts, make a great noise, rave,... make no headway because they build without foundation." Men will not be won to the truth by scolding's. They should understand what they hear, and learn by perceive why they are rebuked" (Bahnsen). Didach teaching, only here and Tit. i. 9 in Pastorals. The usual sword is didaskalia. Paul uses both. 8. For (gar). Ground for the preceding exhortations in the future opposition to sound teaching.
Endure (anexontai). Only here in Pastorals. Mostly in Paul. Comp. Acts xviii. 14; 2 Cor. xi. 4; Heb. xiii. 22.
Sound doctrine (thv ugiainoushv didaskaliav). Or healthful teaching. The A.V. overlooks the article which is important. The teaching plays a prominent part in these Epistles, and signifies more than teaching in general. See on 1 Tim. i. 10.
Shall they heap to themselves teachers (eautoiv episwreu sousin didaskalouv). A vigorous and graphic statement. Episwreuein to heap up, N.T.o . Comp. seswreumena laden, chapter iii. 6. The word is ironical; shall invite teachers enmasse. 144 In periods of unsettled faith, skepticism, and mere curious speculation in matters of religion, teachers of all kinds swarm like the flies in Egypt. The demand creates the supply. The hearers invite and shape their own preachers. If the people desire a calf to worship, a ministerial calf-maker is readily found. "The master of superstition is the people, and in all superstition wise men follow fools " (Bacon, Ess. 17).
Having itching ears (knhqomenoi thn akohn). Or, being tickled in their hearing. Knhqein to tickle, N.T.o . o LXX. Knhqomenoi itching. Hesychius explains, "hearing for mere gratification." Clement of Alexandria describes certain teachers as "scratching and tickling, in no human way, the ears of those who eagerly desire to be scratched" (Strom. 5). Seneca says: " Some come to hear, not to learn, just as we go to the theater, for pleasure, to delight our ears with the speaking or the voice or the plays" (Ep. 108). Akoh, A. verse ears, in N.T. a report, as Matt. iv. 24; xiv. 1;24.xxiv. 6: in the plural, ears (never ear in singular), as Mark. vii. 35; Luke vii. 1: hearing, either the act, as Acts xxviii. 26; Rom. x. 17, or the sense, 1 Corinthians xii. 17, here, and verse 4.
Robertson's NT Word Studies
4:2 {Preach the word} (keruxon ton logon). First aorist active imperative of kerussw. For "the word" used absolutely, see #1Th 1:6; Ga 6:6. {Be instant in season, out of season} (episteqi eukairws akairws). Second aorist (ingressive) active imperative of efistemi (intransitive use), "take a stand,"stand upon it or up to it,"carry on,"stick to it." The Vulgate has "_insta_." The two adverbs are like a proverb or a play (pun) on the word kairos. There are all sorts of seasons (kairoi), some difficult (calepoi, #3:1), some easy (eukairei, #1Co 16:12). {Reprove} (elegxon). First aorist active imperative of elegcw. "Bring to proof." #Eph 5:11. {Rebuke} (epitimeson). First aorist active imperative of epitimaw, to give honor (or blame) to, to chide. Common in the Gospels (#Lu 17:3). {Exhort} (parakaleson). First aorist active imperative of parakalew, common Pauline word.
