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דבר1696 אל413 בני1121 ישׂראל3478 ואמרת559 אלהם413 אדם120 כי3588 יקריב7126 מכם4480 קרבן7133 ליהוה3068 מן4480 הבהמה929 מן4480 הבקר1241 ומן4480 הצאן6629 תקריבו7126 את853 קרבנכם׃7133

Le 22:18,19 Ge 4:3,5 1Ch 16:29 Ro 12:1,6 Eph 5:2

Verse 2. Bring an offering] The word brq korban, from brq karab, to approach or draw near, signifies an offering or gift by which a person had access unto God: and this receives light from the universal custom that prevails in the east, no man being permitted to approach the presence of a superior without a present or gift; and the offering thus brought was called korban, which properly means the introduction- offering, or offering of access. This custom has been often referred to in the preceding books. See also chap. 7.

Of the cattle] hmhbh habbehemah, animals of the beeve kind, such as the bull, heifer, bullock, and calf; and restrained to these alone by the term herd, rqb bakar, which, from its general use in the Levitical writings, is known to refer to the ox, heifer, &c. And therefore other animals of the beeve kind were excluded.

Of the flock] ax tson. SHEEP and GOATS; for we have already seen that this term implies both kinds; and we know, from its use, that no other animal of the smaller clean domestic quadrupeds is intended, as no other animal of this class, besides the sheep and goat, was ever offered in sacrifice to God. The animals mentioned in this chapter as proper for sacrifice are the very same which God commanded Abraham to offer; see Gen. xv. 9. And thus it is evident that God delivered to the patriarchs an epitome of that law which was afterwards given in detail to Moses, the essence of which consisted in its sacrifices; and those sacrifices were of clean animals, the most perfect, useful, and healthy, of all that are brought under the immediate government and influence of man. Gross-feeding and ferocious animals were all excluded, as were also all birds of prey. In the pagan worship it was widely different; for although the ox was esteemed among them, according to Livy, as the major hostia; and according to Pliny, the victima optima, et laudatis sima deorum placatio, Plin. Hist. Nat., lib.viii., c. 45, "the chief sacrifice and the most availing offering which could be made to the gods;" yet obscene fowls and ravenous beasts, according to the nature of their deities, were frequently offered in sacrifice. Thus they sacrificed horses to the SUN, wolves to MARS, asses to PRIAPUS, swine to CERES, dogs to HECATE, &c., &c. But in the worship of God all these were declared unclean, and only the three following kinds of QUADRUPEDS were commanded to be sacrificed: 1. The bull or ox, the cow or heifer, and the calf. 2. The he-goat, she- goat, and the kid. 3. The ram, the ewe, and the lamb. Among FOWLS, only pigeons and turtle-doves were commanded to be offered, except in the case of cleansing the leper, mentioned chap. xiv. 4, where two clean birds, generally supposed to be sparrows or other small birds, though of what species is not well known, are specified. Fish were not offered, because they could not be readily brought to the tabernacle alive.

Ver. 2. Speak unto the children of Israel, and say unto them , etc.] For unto no other was the law of sacrifices given; not to the Gentiles, but to the children of Israel: if any man ; or woman, for the word “man”, as Ben Gersom observes, includes the whole species: of you ; of you Israelites; the Targum of Jonathan adds, “and not of the apostates who worship idols.”

Jarchi interprets it of yours, of your mammon or substance, what was their own property, and not what was stolen from another f4 , (see Isaiah 61:8): bring an offering unto the Lord ; called “Korban” of “Karab”, to draw nigh, because it was not only brought nigh to God, to the door of the tabernacle where he dwelt, but because by it they drew nigh to God, and presented themselves to him, and that for them; typical of believers under the Gospel dispensation drawing nigh to God through Christ, by whom their spiritual sacrifices are presented and accepted in virtue of his: ye shall bring your offering of the cattle, [even] of the herd, and of the flock ; that is, of oxen, and of sheep or goats. The Targum of Jonathan is, “of a clean beast, of oxen, and of sheep, but not of wild beasts shall ye bring your offerings.”

These were appointed, Ben Gersom says, for these two reasons, partly because the most excellent, and partly because most easy to be found and come at, as wild creatures are not: but the true reason is, because they were very fit to represent the great sacrifice Christ, which all sacrifices were typical of; the ox or bullock was a proper emblem of him for his strength and laboriousness, and the sheep for his harmlessness, innocence, and patience, and the goat, as he was not in himself, but as he was thought to be, a sinner, being sent in the likeness of sinful flesh, and being traduced as such, and having the sins of his people imputed to him.

דבר1696 אל413 בני1121 ישׂראל3478 ואמרת559 אלהם413 אדם120 כי3588 יקריב7126 מכם4480 קרבן7133 ליהוה3068 מן4480 הבהמה929 מן4480 הבקר1241 ומן4480 הצאן6629 תקריבו7126 את853 קרבנכם׃7133