John Gill's Bible Commentary Ver. 1. And [when] King Arad the Canaanite, which dwelt in the south , etc.] Arad seems rather to be the name of a place, city, or country, of which the Canaanite was king, than the name of a man, since we read of the king of Arad, ( Joshua 12:14) see also ( Judges 1:16) and so the Targums of Onkelos and Jerusalem here render it, the king of Arad; and the Targum of Jonathan says, he changed his seat and reigned in Arad, which might have its name from Arvad, a son of Canaan, ( Genesis 10:18) and Jerom says f298 , that Arath, the same with Arad, is a city of the Amorites, near the wilderness of Kadesh, and that to this day it is shown, a village four miles from Malatis and twenty from Hebron, in the tribe of Judah; and so Aben Ezra observes, that the ancients say, this is Sihon (the king of the Amorites), and he is called a Canaanite, because all the Amorites are Canaanites; but, according to Jarchi, the Amalekites are meant, as it is said, “the Amalekites dwell in the land of the south”: ( Numbers 13:29) and so the Targum of Jonathan here, “and when Amalek heard, that dwelt in the land of the south;” what he heard is particularly expressed in the following clause: heard tell that Israel came by the way of the spies : either after the manner of spies, or rather by the way in which the spies went thirty eight years ago, which was the way of the south, where this Canaanitish king dwelt, (see Numbers 13:17,22,29), the Septuagint version leaves the word untranslated, taking it for the name of a place, and reads, “by the way of Atharim”, so the Samaritan Pentateuch and Arabic version; and did such a place appear to have been hereabout, it would be the most likely sense of the passage; for as the spies were never discovered by the Canaanites, the way they went could not be known by them; nor is it very probable that, if it had been known, it should be so called, since nothing of any consequence to them as yet followed upon it: then he fought against Israel ; raised his forces and marched out against them, to oppose their passage, and engaged in a battle with them: and took some of them prisoners ; according to the Targums of Jonathan and Jerusalem, great numbers of them; but Jarchi says, only one single maidservant.
Matthew Henry Commentary
Verses 1-3 - Before the people began their march round the country of Edom, the kin of Arad, a Canaanite, who inhabited the southern part of the country attacked them in the wilderness, and took some prisoners. This was to lead the Israelites to look more thoroughly to the Lord.
Original Hebrew וישׁמע8085 הכנעני3669 מלך4428 ערד6166 ישׁב3427 הנגב5045 כי3588 בא935 ישׂראל3478 דרך1870 האתרים871 וילחם3898 בישׂראל3478 וישׁב7617 ממנו4480 שׁבי׃7628
