John Gill's Bible Commentary Ver. 1. And it came to pass, that after the year was expired , etc.] Or at the end of the year, as the Targum, which concluded with the month Adar or February, the spring of the year: at the time when kings go forth [to battle] ; in the month Nisan, as the Targum on ( 1 Chronicles 20:1); adds, the same with Abib, which was the first month of the year, ( Exodus 12:2 13:4), a fit time to go out to war; when, as the Jewish commentators observe, the rains were over, and there were grass in the fields, and fruit on the trees, and corn ripe, and so food for horse and men. This month was called Nisan, as some think f173 , from µysn , the military banners then erected; so by the Romans it is called Martius, and by us March, from Mars, the god of war; though some f174 take this to be the month Tisri, answering to part of September, and part of October, when all the fruits of the earth were gathered in, and supposed to be a fit time for war, when the heat of the year was declining: that David sent Joab, and his servants with him, and all Israel ; his whole army under Joab as general; in ( 1 Chronicles 20:1); it is “the power of the army”; the whole body of it: and they destroyed the children of Ammon; burnt their cities, and slew the inhabitants of them, and laid their land waste wherever they came: and besieged Rabbah ; their chief city, called Rabathamana by Polybius f175 , that is, Rabbah of Ammon, and afterwards. Philadelphia, from Philadelphus, king of Egypt, as it was in the times of Jerom f176 : but David tarried still at Jerusalem ; which is observed for the sake of the following history; it would have been well for him if he had gone forth with the army himself, then the sin he fell into would have been prevented.
Matthew Henry Commentary
Verses 1-5 - Observe the occasions of David's sin; what led to it. 1. Neglect of his business. He tarried at Jerusalem. When we are out of the way of ou duty, we are in temptation. 2. Love of ease: idleness gives grea advantage to the tempter. 3. A wandering eye. He had not, like Job made a covenant with his eyes, or, at this time, he had forgotten it And observe the steps of the sin. See how the way of sin is down-hill when men begin to do evil, they cannot soon stop. Observe the aggravations of the sin. How could David rebuke or punish that is others, of which he was conscious that he himself was guilty?
Original Hebrew ויהי1961 לתשׁובת8666 השׁנה8141 לעת6256 צאת3318 המלאכים4428 וישׁלח7971 דוד1732 את853 יואב3097 ואת853 עבדיו5650 עמו5973 ואת853 כל3605 ישׂראל3478 וישׁחתו7843 את853 בני1121 עמון5983 ויצרו6696 על5921 רבה7237 ודוד1732 יושׁב3427 בירושׁלם׃3389
