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PARALLEL BIBLE - Exodus 28:17


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King James Bible - Exodus 28:17

And thou shalt set in it settings of stones, even four rows of stones: the first row shall be a sardius, a topaz, and a carbuncle: this shall be the first row.

World English Bible

You shall set in it settings of stones, four rows of stones: a row of ruby, topaz, and beryl shall be the first row;

Douay-Rheims - Exodus 28:17

And thou shalt set in it four rows of stones: in the first row shall be a sardius stone, and a topaz, and an emerald:

Webster's Bible Translation

And thou shalt set in it settings of stones, even four rows of stones: the first row shall be a sardius, a topaz, and a carbuncle: this shall be the first row.

Original Hebrew

ומלאת
4390 בו  מלאת 4396  אבן 68  ארבעה 702  טורים 2905  אבן 68  טור 2905  אדם 124  פטדה 6357  וברקת 1304  הטור 2905  האחד׃ 259  

Treasury of Scriptural Knowledge

VERSE (17) -
:9,11; 39:10-21 Mal 3:17

SEV Biblia, Chapter 28:17

y lo llenarás de pedrería con cuatro órdenes de piedras. El orden: un rubí, una esmeralda, y una crisólita, será el primer orden;

Clarke's Bible Commentary - Exodus 28:17

Verse 17. Four rows of
stones] With a name on each stone, making in all the twelve names of the twelve tribes. And as these were disposed according to their birth, ver. 10, we may suppose they stood in this order, the stones being placed also in the order in which they are produced, ver. 17-20: - FIRST ROW Upon a Sardius or Ruby was engraven Reuben bwar Topaz Simeon [µ Carbuncle Levi ywl SECOND ROW - Sons of Upon an Emerald was engraven Judah hdhy Leah. a Sapphire Issachar rky a Diamond Zebulun lwbz SONS OF THIRD ROW Bilhah, Upon a Ligure or Jacinth was engraven Dan d Rachael's Agate Naphtali yltpn maid. Amethyst Gad dg Sons of Zilpah, SECOND ROW Leah's Upon a Beryl, or Crysolite was engraven Asher ra maid Onyx, or Sardonyx Joseph Pswy Sons of Jasper Benjamin ymynb Rachel.

In this order the Jews in general agree to place them. See the Jerusalem Targum on this place, and the Targum upon Canticles, Song of Solomon v. 14; and see also Ainsworth. The Targum of Jonathan says, "These four rows were placed opposite to the four quarters of the world; but this could only be when laid down horizontally, for when it hung on the breast of the high priest it could have had no such position. As it is difficult to ascertain in every case what these precious stones were, it may be necessary to consider this subject more at large.

1. A SARDIUS, µdm odem, from the root adam, he was ruddy; the ruby, a beautiful gem of a fine deep red colour. The sardius, or sardie stones, is defined to be a precious stone of a blood-red colour, the best of which come from Babylon.

2. A TOPAZ, hdfp pitdah, a precious stone of a pale dead green, with a mixture of yellow, sometimes of a fine yellow; and hence it was called chrysolite by the ancients, from its gold colour. It is now considered by mineralogists as a variety of the sapphire.

3. CARBUNCLE, tqrb bareketh, from qrb barak, to lighten, glitter, or glister; a very elegant gem of a deep red colour, with an admixture of scarlet.

From its bright lively colour it had the name carbunculus, which signifies a little coal; and among the Greeks anqrax anthrax, a coal, because when held before the sun it appears like a piece of bright burning charcoal. It is found only in the East Indies, and there but rarely.

4. EMERALD, ûpn nophech, the same with the ancient smaragdus; it is one of the most beautiful of all the gems, and is of a bright green colour, without any other mixture. The true oriental emerald is very scarce, and is only found at present in the kingdom of Cambay.

5. SAPPHIRE, ryps sappir. See this described, chap. xxiv. 10.

6. DIAMOND, µlhy yahalom, from µlh halam, to beat or smite upon. The diamond is supposed to have this name from its resistance to a blow, for the ancients have assured us that if it be struck with a hammer, upon an anvil, it will not break, but either break them or sink into the surface of that which is softest. This is a complete fable, as it is well known that the diamond can be easily broken, and is capable of being entirely volatilized or consumed by the action of fire. It is, however, the hardest, as it is the most valuable, of all the precious stones hitherto discovered, and one of the most combustible substances in nature.

7. LIGURE, µl leshem, the same as the jacinth or hyacinth; a precious stone of a dead red or cinnamon colour, with a considerable mixture of yellow.

8. AGATE, wb shebo. This is a stone that assumes such a variety of hues and appearances, that Mr. Parkhurst thinks it derives its name from the root b shab, to turn, to change, "as from the circumstance of the agate changing its appearance without end, it might be called the varier." Agates are met with so variously figured in their substance, that they seem to represent the sky, the stars, clouds, earth, water, rocks, villages, fortifications, birds, trees, flowers, men, and animals of different kinds.

Agates have a white, reddish, yellowish, or greenish ground. They are only varieties of the flint, and the lowest in value of all the precious stones.

9. AMETHYST, hmlja achlamah, a gem generally of a purple colour, composed of a strong blue and deep red. The oriental amethyst is sometimes of a dove colour, though some are purple, and others white like diamonds. The name amethyst is Greek, amequstov, and it was so called because it was supposed that it prevented inebriation.

10. The BERYL, yrt tarshish. Mr. Parkhurst derives this name from rt tar, to go round, and shash, to be vivid or bright in colour. If the beryl be intended, it is a pellucid gem of a bluish green colour, found in the East Indies, and about the gold mines of Peru. But some of the most learned mineralogists and critics suppose the chrysolite to be meant. This is a gem of a yellowish green colour, and ranks at present among the topazes. Its name in Greek, chrysolite, crusoliqov, literally signifies the golden stone.

11. The ONYX, µh shoham. See note on "Gen. ii. 12"; See note on "chap. xxv. 7". There are a great number of different sentiments on the meaning of the original; it has been translated beryl, emerald, prasius, sapphire, sardius, ruby, cornelian, onyx, and sardonyx. It is likely that the name may signify both the onyx and sardonyx. This latter stone is a mixture of the chalcedony and cornelian, sometimes in strata, at other times blended together, and is found striped with white and red strata or layers. It is generally allowed that there is no real difference, except in the degree of hardness, between the onyx, cornelian, chalcedony, sardonyx, and agate. It is well known that the onyx is of a darkish horny colour, resembling the hoof or nail, from which circumstance it has its name.

It has often a plate of a bluish white or red in it, and when on one or both sides of this white there appears a plate of a reddish colour, the jewellers, says Woodward, call the stone a sardonyx.

12. JASPER, hpy yashepheh. The similarity of the Hebrew name has determined most critics and mineralogists to adopt the jasper as intended by the original word. The jasper is usually defined a hard stone, of a beautiful bright green colour, sometimes clouded with white, and spotted with red or yellow. Mineralogists reckon not less than fifteen varieties of this stone: 1. green; 2. red; 3. yellow; 4. brown; 5. violet; 6. black; 7. bluish grey; 8. milky white; 9. variegated with green, red, and yellow clouds; 10.

green with red specks; 11. veined with various colours, apparently in the form of letters; 12. with variously coloured zones; 13. with various colours mixed without any order; 14. with many colours together; 15. mixed with particles of agate. It can scarcely be called a precious stone; it is rather a dull opaque rock.

In examining what has been said on these different precious stones by the best critics, I have adopted such explanations as appeared to me to be best justified by the meaning and use of the original words; but I cannot say that the stones which I have described are precisely those intended by the terms in the Hebrew text, nor can I take upon me to assert that the tribes are arranged exactly in the manner intended by Moses; for as these things are not laid down in the text in such a way as to preclude all mistake, some things must be left to conjecture. Of several of these stones many fabulous accounts are given by the ancients, and indeed by the moderns also: these I have in general omitted because they are fabulous; as also all spiritual meanings which others have found so plentifully in each stone, because I consider some of them puerile, all futile, and not a few dangerous.


Matthew Henry Commentary

Verses 15-30 - The chief ornament of the high priest, was the breastplate, a ric piece of cloth, curiously worked. The name of each tribe was graven in a precious stone, fixed in the breastplate, to signify how precious, i God's sight, believers are, and how honourable. How small and poor soever the tribe was, it was as a precious stone in the breastplate of the high priest; thus are all the saints dear to Christ, however me esteem them. The high priest had the names of the tribes, both on his shoulders and on his breast, which reminds us of the power and the love with which our Lord Jesus pleads for those that are his. He not onl bears them up in his arms with almighty strength, but he carries the in his bosom with tender affection. What comfort is this to us in all our addresses to God! The Urim and Thummim, by which the will of God was made known in doubtful cases, were put in this breastplate. Uri and Thummim signify light and integrity. There are many conjecture what these were; the most probable opinion seems to be, that they wer the twelve precious stones in the high priest's breastplate. Now Christ is our Oracle. By him God, in these last days, makes know himself and his mind to us, Heb 1:1, 2; Joh 1:18. He is the true Light the faithful Witness, the Truth itself, and from him we receive the Spirit of Truth, who leads into all truth.


Original Hebrew

ומלאת 4390 בו  מלאת 4396  אבן 68  ארבעה 702  טורים 2905  אבן 68  טור 2905  אדם 124  פטדה 6357  וברקת 1304  הטור 2905  האחד׃ 259  


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